महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-40, verse-9

ऋषिस्त्वथ वचः श्रुत्वा चिन्तयामास धर्मवित् ।
अहो बत नृशंसं वै वाक्यमुक्तोऽस्मि संसदि ॥९॥

9. ṛṣistvatha vacaḥ śrutvā cintayāmāsa dharmavit ,
aho bata nṛśaṁsaṁ vai vākyamukto'smi saṁsadi.

9. ṛṣiḥ tu atha vacaḥ śrutvā cintayāmāsa dharmavit
aho bata nṛśaṃsam vai vākyam uktaḥ asmi saṃsadi

9. atha dharmavit ṛṣiḥ tu vacaḥ śrutvā cintayāmāsa
aho bata vai nṛśaṃsam vākyam saṃsadi uktaḥ asmi

9. The sage, who understood natural law (dharma), then, having heard those words, pondered: 'Alas! I have indeed been spoken to with cruel words in this assembly.'

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer, inspired poet

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, then

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought, he reflected

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law, one who understands dharma

• अहो (aho) - oh!, ah!, alas! (exclamation of surprise, regret, or joy)

• बत (bata) - alas!, oh!, indeed! (expresses sorrow, pity, surprise, or emphasis)

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, savage, wicked, violent

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence, statement

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed, told

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

• संसदि (saṁsadi) - in the assembly, in the gathering, in the council

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer, inspired poet

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, author of Vedic hymns

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

(indeclinable)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śru with -tvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought, he reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of cintayā-

Perfect

Periphrastic Perfect of a causative verb, formed with the auxiliary root as

Root: cit (class 10)

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law, one who understands dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma, understanding dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

अहो (aho) - oh!, ah!, alas! (exclamation of surprise, regret, or joy)

(indeclinable)

बत (bata) - alas!, oh!, indeed! (expresses sorrow, pity, surprise, or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, savage, wicked, violent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, savage, wicked, violent, mischievous

Note: Agrees with vākyam

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement, utterance

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed, told

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed, told, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac 'to speak' (irregular participle)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implicit 'I' (asmi)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, Present (Laṭ) of as

Present

Present tense, first person, singular

Root: as (class 2)

संसदि (saṁsadi) - in the assembly, in the gathering, in the council

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃsad

saṁsad - assembly, gathering, council, court

Root: sad (class 1)