महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-40, verse-22

तं तथा विलपन्तं तु शोकोपहतचेतसम् ।
दृष्ट्वा तस्य कृपा जज्ञे राष्ट्रं तच्च व्यमोचयत् ॥२२॥

22. taṁ tathā vilapantaṁ tu śokopahatacetasam ,
dṛṣṭvā tasya kṛpā jajñe rāṣṭraṁ tacca vyamocayat.

22. tam tathā vilapantam tu śokopahatacetasam dṛṣṭvā
tasya kṛpā jajñe rāṣṭram tat ca vyamocayat

22. tu tam tathā śokopahatacetasam vilapantam dṛṣṭvā
tasya kṛpā jajñe ca tat rāṣṭram vyamocayat

22. Seeing him lamenting in such a state, with his mind overwhelmed by sorrow, compassion arose in the Rishi. And he liberated that kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting (lamenting, weeping, bewailing (present active participle, accusative singular))

• तु (tu) - (intensifier, or simply conjunction) (but, indeed, however (enclitic particle))

• शोकोपहतचेतसम् (śokopahatacetasam) - whose mind was afflicted by sorrow (whose mind is struck/afflicted by sorrow, overwhelmed by grief)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the Rishi) (his, of that (masculine/neuter genitive singular))

• कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion (compassion, pity, mercy)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose (arose, was born, originated)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, realm, country)

• तत् (tat) - that (that (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• व्यमोचयत् (vyamocayat) - he liberated (he liberated, he released)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting (lamenting, weeping, bewailing (present active participle, accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, weeping

Present Active Participle

From root 'lap' (to speak, lament) with 'vi' prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tam (him).

तु (tu) - (intensifier, or simply conjunction) (but, indeed, however (enclitic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used for emphasis or continuation.

शोकोपहतचेतसम् (śokopahatacetasam) - whose mind was afflicted by sorrow (whose mind is struck/afflicted by sorrow, overwhelmed by grief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokopahatacetas

śokopahatacetas - whose mind is struck/afflicted by sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+upahata+cetas)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• upahata – struck, afflicted, damaged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike) with 'upa' prefix
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies tam (him).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates a preceding action by the same subject.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the Rishi) (his, of that (masculine/neuter genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies kṛpā (compassion).

कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion (compassion, pity, mercy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛpā

kṛpā - compassion, pity, mercy

Note: Subject of jajñe.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose (arose, was born, originated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect tense, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: jan (class 4)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, realm, country)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country

Note: Object of vyamocayat.

तत् (tat) - that (that (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies rāṣṭram.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

व्यमोचयत् (vyamocayat) - he liberated (he liberated, he released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vimocayati

Causative

Causative of 'muc' (to release) with 'vi' prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject is the Rishi (implied).