महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-38, verse-9

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
पुरा वै दण्डकारण्ये राघवेण महात्मना ।
वसता राजशार्दूल राक्षसास्तत्र हिंसिताः ॥९॥

9. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
purā vai daṇḍakāraṇye rāghaveṇa mahātmanā ,
vasatā rājaśārdūla rākṣasāstatra hiṁsitāḥ.

9. vaiśampāyana uvāca purā vai daṇḍakāraṇye rāghaveṇa
mahātmanā vasatā rājaśārdūla rākṣasāḥ tatra hiṃsitāḥ

9. vaiśampāyana uvāca: rājaśārdūla,
purā vai daṇḍakāraṇye mahātmanā rāghaveṇa vasatā tatra rākṣasāḥ hiṃsitāḥ

9. Vaiśampāyana said: O tiger among kings (rājaśārdūla), formerly, while the great-souled Rāghava (Rāma) was residing in the Daṇḍaka forest, the Rākṣasas were killed there.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

• राघवेण (rāghaveṇa) - by Rāghava (Rāma)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāghava (by the great-souled one)

• वसता (vasatā) - while (Rāghava) was residing (by the residing one, while residing)

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (demons)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• हिंसिताः (hiṁsitāḥ) - were killed (killed, injured, harmed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - Daṇḍaka forest (a large forest mentioned in the Rāmāyaṇa)

Compound of 'daṇḍa' (stick, staff, punishment) and 'āraṇya' (forest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+āraṇya)

• daṇḍa – stick, staff, rod, punishment
  noun (masculine)
• āraṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

राघवेण (rāghaveṇa) - by Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Agent of the participle 'vasatā'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Rāghava (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self, soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'rāghaveṇa'.

वसता (vasatā) - while (Rāghava) was residing (by the residing one, while residing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - residing, dwelling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell, reside) with present participle suffix -at

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Present Active Participle, agreeing with 'rāghaveṇa'.

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, excellent king

Compound of 'rāja' (king) and 'śārdūla' (tiger), a type of comparison compound meaning 'best of kings'

Compound type : upakrama-tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of its kind
  noun (masculine)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa, a demon or evil spirit

Note: Subject of the passive participle 'hiṃsitāḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative case of 'tad' (that) used adverbially

हिंसिताः (hiṁsitāḥ) - were killed (killed, injured, harmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hiṃsita

hiṁsita - killed, injured, harmed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hiṃs' (to harm, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agreeing with 'rākṣasāḥ'.