महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-38, verse-5

महता शिरसा राजन्ग्रस्तजङ्घो महोदरः ।
राक्षसस्य महाराज रामक्षिप्तस्य वै पुरा ॥५॥

5. mahatā śirasā rājangrastajaṅgho mahodaraḥ ,
rākṣasasya mahārāja rāmakṣiptasya vai purā.

5. mahatā śirasā rājan grastajaṅghaḥ mahodaraḥ
rākṣasasya mahārāja rāmākṣiptasya vai purā

5. rājan mahārāja mahatā śirasā grastajaṅghaḥ
mahodaraḥ rākṣasasya rāmākṣiptasya vai purā

5. O king, O great king, concerning the Rākṣasa Mahodara — who was great-bellied, had devoured thighs, and possessed a great head — he was indeed thrown by Rama (Parashurama) long ago.

Words meanings summery:

• महता (mahatā) - with a great (head) (by a great, with a great, by a large)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - by the head, with the head

• राजन् (rājan) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the narrator's audience. (O king)

• ग्रस्तजङ्घः (grastajaṅghaḥ) - Describing the Rākṣasa as one who had devoured thighs (a characteristic of a fearsome demon). (whose thighs were devoured, having devoured thighs)

• महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - The proper name of a Rākṣasa mentioned in the narrative, literally 'great-bellied'. (great-bellied, Mahodara (proper name))

• राक्षसस्य (rākṣasasya) - of the Rākṣasa, belonging to the Rākṣasa

• महाराज (mahārāja) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

• रामाक्षिप्तस्य (rāmākṣiptasya) - Refers to the Rākṣasa Mahodara, who was thrown by Rama (likely Parashurama, given the ancient context). (of one thrown by Rama, of the one cast by Rama)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

Words meanings and morphology

महता (mahatā) - with a great (head) (by a great, with a great, by a large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Agrees with śirasā (neuter, instrumental singular).

शिरसा (śirasā) - by the head, with the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

राजन् (rājan) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the narrator's audience. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

ग्रस्तजङ्घः (grastajaṅghaḥ) - Describing the Rākṣasa as one who had devoured thighs (a characteristic of a fearsome demon). (whose thighs were devoured, having devoured thighs)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grastajaṅgha

grastajaṅgha - whose thighs were devoured (passive, referring to the victim), or having devoured thighs (active, referring to the devourer)

Bahuvrīhi compound: grasta (devoured, past passive participle of √gras) + jaṅgha (thigh). Interpreted actively here as a characteristic of the Rākṣasa.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (grasta+jaṅgha)

• grasta – devoured, swallowed, seized
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gras (to swallow, devour) + suffix -ta.
  Root: gras (class 1)
• jaṅgha – thigh, leg
  noun (feminine)

महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - The proper name of a Rākṣasa mentioned in the narrative, literally 'great-bellied'. (great-bellied, Mahodara (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - great-bellied, large-bellied; a proper name for a Rākṣasa

Compound of mahā (great) and udara (belly).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+udara)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• udara – belly, abdomen, interior
  noun (neuter)

राक्षसस्य (rākṣasasya) - of the Rākṣasa, belonging to the Rākṣasa

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa (a class of demonic beings, often evil and formidable), pertaining to Rākṣasas

महाराज (mahārāja) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

रामाक्षिप्तस्य (rāmākṣiptasya) - Refers to the Rākṣasa Mahodara, who was thrown by Rama (likely Parashurama, given the ancient context). (of one thrown by Rama, of the one cast by Rama)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāmākṣipta

rāmākṣipta - thrown by Rama, cast down by Rama

Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: Rāma (by Rama, instrumental implied) + ākṣipta (thrown, past passive participle of ā-√kṣip).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+ākṣipta)

• rāma – Rama (a proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ākṣipta – thrown, cast, hurled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From upasarga ā + root √kṣip (to throw, cast) + suffix -ta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṣip (class 6)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)