महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-38, verse-28

स तत्र विधिना राजन्नाप्लुतः सुमहातपाः ।
ज्ञात्वा तीर्थगुणांश्चैव प्राहेदमृषिसत्तमः ।
सुप्रीतः पुरुषव्याघ्र सर्वान्पुत्रानुपासतः ॥२८॥

28. sa tatra vidhinā rājannāplutaḥ sumahātapāḥ ,
jñātvā tīrthaguṇāṁścaiva prāhedamṛṣisattamaḥ ,
suprītaḥ puruṣavyāghra sarvānputrānupāsataḥ.

28. saḥ tatra vidhinā rājan āplutaḥ
sumahātapāḥ jñātvā tīrthaguṇān ca eva
prāha idam ṛṣisattamaḥ suprītaḥ
puruṣavyāghra sarvān putrān upāsataḥ

28. rājan puruṣavyāghra tatra vidhinā
āplutaḥ tīrthaguṇān ca eva jñātvā
suprītaḥ saḥ sumahātapāḥ ṛṣisattamaḥ
sarvān putrān upāsataḥ idam prāha

28. O King (rājan), O tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra)! The best of sages (ṛṣisattama), who possessed great austerity (tapas), having bathed there according to the ritual, and having understood the merits of that sacred bathing place (tīrtha), then spoke this, greatly pleased, while all his sons were attending upon him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by ritual, according to rule/method

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - having bathed, plunged in

• सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - of great austerity (tapas)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• तीर्थगुणान् (tīrthaguṇān) - the merits/virtues of the sacred place

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this

• ऋषिसत्तमः (ṛṣisattamaḥ) - the best of sages, pre-eminent sage

• सुप्रीतः (suprītaḥ) - very pleased, highly gratified

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• उपासतः (upāsataḥ) - while being served/attended upon by (his sons) (serving, attending (upon), worshipping)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rushangu.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From pronoun `tad` with suffix `tra`.

Note: Refers to the Sarasvatī tīrtha.

विधिना (vidhinā) - by ritual, according to rule/method

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, ritual, fate

From root `dhā` with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Describes the manner of bathing.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the interlocutor, presumably Janamejaya or a similar king.

आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - having bathed, plunged in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpluta

āpluta - bathed, immersed, plunged in

Past Passive Participle

From root `plu` (to float, to swim) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` and `ṛṣisattamaḥ`.

सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - of great austerity (tapas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātapas

sumahātapas - one who performs very great penance (tapas)

Compound of `su` (very), `mahā` (great), and `tapas` (austerity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahā+tapas)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` and `ṛṣisattamaḥ`.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

तीर्थगुणान् (tīrthaguṇān) - the merits/virtues of the sacred place

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīrthaguṇa

tīrthaguṇa - the virtues or merits of a sacred bathing place (tīrtha)

Compound of `tīrtha` (sacred place) and `guṇa` (quality, merit).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tīrtha+guṇa)

• tīrtha – a ford, a bathing place, a sacred place, a holy water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tṝ
• guṇa – quality, virtue, merit, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `jñātvā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with `ca` for emphasis.

प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prahā

Perfect form of root `ah` (to say) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of `prāha`.

ऋषिसत्तमः (ṛṣisattamaḥ) - the best of sages, pre-eminent sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣisattama

ṛṣisattama - the best of ṛṣis (sages)

Compound of `ṛṣi` (sage) and `sattama` (best, excellent - superlative of sat/sādhu).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṛṣi+sattama)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most righteous
  adjective
  Superlative degree from `sat` (good, existing).

Note: Appositional to `saḥ`.

सुप्रीतः (suprītaḥ) - very pleased, highly gratified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suprīta

suprīta - very pleased, greatly satisfied, highly gratified

Compound of `su` (very) and `prīta` (pleased).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+prīta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• prīta – pleased, satisfied, gladdened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `prī` (to please).
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` and `ṛṣisattamaḥ`.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man (puruṣa)

Compound, where `vyāghra` (tiger) functions as an intensifier, meaning "best".

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with `putrān`.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `upāsataḥ` (implied).

उपासतः (upāsataḥ) - while being served/attended upon by (his sons) (serving, attending (upon), worshipping)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upāsat

upāsat - one who serves, attends, worships

Present Active Participle

From root `ās` (to sit) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rushangu. Used in a locative absolute or similar construction, denoting the circumstance "while his sons were attending him."