महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-38, verse-26

विज्ञायातीतवयसं रुषङ्गुं ते तपोधनाः ।
तं वै तीर्थमुपानिन्युः सरस्वत्यास्तपोधनम् ॥२६॥

26. vijñāyātītavayasaṁ ruṣaṅguṁ te tapodhanāḥ ,
taṁ vai tīrthamupāninyuḥ sarasvatyāstapodhanam.

26. vijñāya atītavayasaṃ ruṣaṅguṃ te tapodhanāḥ taṃ
vai tīrtham upāninyuḥ sarasvatyāḥ tapodhanam

26. te tapodhanāḥ ruṣaṅguṃ tapodhanam atītavayasaṃ
vijñāya taṃ vai sarasvatyāḥ tīrtham upāninyuḥ

26. Those ascetics (tapas), realizing that Rushangu was advanced in age, indeed led that ascetic to a sacred bathing place (tīrtha) on the Sarasvatī river.

Words meanings summery:

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having realized

• अतीतवयसं (atītavayasaṁ) - of advanced age (one who has passed old age, aged, elderly)

• रुषङ्गुं (ruṣaṅguṁ) - Rushangu (a proper name)

• ते (te) - those, they

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics, hermits, those whose wealth is austerity

• तं (taṁ) - him, that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - sacred bathing place, ford, holy place

• उपानिन्युः (upāninyuḥ) - they led, they brought

• सरस्वत्याः (sarasvatyāḥ) - of Sarasvatī

• तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - the ascetic Rushangu (ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having realized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya (or -tvā). Root `jñā` with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

अतीतवयसं (atītavayasaṁ) - of advanced age (one who has passed old age, aged, elderly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atītavayasa

atītavayasa - one who has passed youth, advanced in age, old

Compound of `atīta` (past, gone) and `vayasa` (age).

Compound type : tatpurusha (atīta+vayasa)

• atīta – passed, gone, gone beyond
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `i` (to go) with prefix `ati`.
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)
• vayasa – age, period of life
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Rushangu.

रुषङ्गुं (ruṣaṅguṁ) - Rushangu (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ruṣaṅgu

ruṣaṅgu - Name of a sage

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the `tapodhanāḥ`.

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics, hermits, those whose wealth is austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity (tapas)

Compound of `tapas` (austerity) and `dhana` (wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

तं (taṁ) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rushangu.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - sacred bathing place, ford, holy place

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīrtha

tīrtha - a ford, a bathing place, a sacred place, a holy water

Root: tṝ

उपानिन्युः (upāninyuḥ) - they led, they brought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of upānī

Root `nī` (to lead) with prefixes `upa` and `ā`.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

सरस्वत्याः (sarasvatyāḥ) - of Sarasvatī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Name of a sacred river and a goddess

तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - the ascetic Rushangu (ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity (tapas)

Compound of `tapas` (austerity) and `dhana` (wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: A repetition/apposition for Rushangu.