महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-38, verse-12

स तेन लग्नेन तदा द्विजातिर्न शशाक ह ।
अभिगन्तुं महाप्राज्ञस्तीर्थान्यायतनानि च ॥१२॥

12. sa tena lagnena tadā dvijātirna śaśāka ha ,
abhigantuṁ mahāprājñastīrthānyāyatanāni ca.

12. saḥ tena lagnena tadā dvijātiḥ na śaśāka ha
abhigantum mahāprājñaḥ tīrthāni āyatanāni ca

12. tadā saḥ mahāprājñaḥ dvijātiḥ tena lagnena ha
tīrthāni ca āyatanāni abhigantum na śaśāka

12. Then, with that [severed head] attached, the very wise Brahmin (dvijāti) was indeed unable to approach the sacred places (tīrtha) and temples.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the Brahmin (he)

• तेन (tena) - with the severed head (by that, with that)

• लग्नेन (lagnena) - with the severed head attached (by the attached one, with the attached one)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - twice-born; Brahmin

• न (na) - not, no

• शशाक (śaśāka) - was able, could

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily

• अभिगन्तुम् (abhigantum) - to approach, to go near

• महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - very wise, greatly intelligent

• तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - holy places, sacred bathing places

• आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - temples, sanctuaries, abodes

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the Brahmin (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the dvijāti (Brahmin).

तेन (tena) - with the severed head (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Agrees with lagnena, referring to the severed head.

लग्नेन (lagnena) - with the severed head attached (by the attached one, with the attached one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of lagna

lagna - attached, fixed, connected; arrived, begun

Past Passive Participle

from root √lag + -ta suffix

Root: lag (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tena and implicitly śiraḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - twice-born; Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas); a Brahmin

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• jāti – birth, origin, class, caste
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The noun for the subject 'he'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शशाक (śaśāka) - was able, could

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form of √śak (class 5)

Root: śak (class 5)

ह (ha) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

अभिगन्तुम् (abhigantum) - to approach, to go near

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from root √gam (class 1) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Infinitives are generally treated as indeclinables in terms of grammatical cases, gender, and number.

महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - very wise, greatly intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - very wise, highly intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• prājña – wise, knowing, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  from pra-jñā (to know well)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with dvijātiḥ.

तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - holy places, sacred bathing places

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tīrtha

tīrtha - ford, bathing place, holy place, sacred spot (tīrtha)

Note: Object of abhigantum.

आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - temples, sanctuaries, abodes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of āyatana

āyatana - seat, site, abode, sanctuary, temple

from root √yat (to strive) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of abhigantum.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)