महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-9, verse-8

दुर्योधनस्तु राजानं धर्मपुत्रं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
संशप्तकगणान्क्रुद्धो अभ्यधावद्धनंजयः ॥८॥

8. duryodhanastu rājānaṁ dharmaputraṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
saṁśaptakagaṇānkruddho abhyadhāvaddhanaṁjayaḥ.

8. duryodhanaḥ tu rājānam dharmaputram yudhiṣṭhiram
saṃśaptakagaṇān kruddhaḥ abhyadhāvat dhanaṃjayaḥ

8. duryodhanaḥ tu rājānam dharmaputram yudhiṣṭhiram
kruddhaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ saṃśaptakagaṇān abhyadhāvat

8. Duryodhana, however, (advanced upon) King Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma (dharma). Enraged Dhananjaya (Arjuna) rushed towards the multitudes of the Saṃśaptakas.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma (dharma) (son of Dharma; Yudhishthira)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• संशप्तकगणान् (saṁśaptakagaṇān) - the groups/hordes of the Saṃśaptakas

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards, attacked, advanced upon

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhritarashtra, leader of the Kauravas)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight) + ana suffix.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma (dharma) (son of Dharma; Yudhishthira)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (dharma), Yudhishthira

Tatpurusha compound of dharma and putra.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh 'battle')
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

संशप्तकगणान् (saṁśaptakagaṇān) - the groups/hordes of the Saṃśaptakas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptakagaṇa

saṁśaptakagaṇa - multitudes/groups of those who have taken a vow (Saṃśaptakas)

Tatpurusha compound of saṃśaptaka and gaṇa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃśaptaka+gaṇa)

• saṃśaptaka – one who has taken a mutual vow or oath, especially to kill Arjuna or die trying
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-śap (to vow together, swear an oath).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śap (class 1)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, host, troop
  noun (masculine)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with dhanaṃjayaḥ.

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards, attacked, advanced upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadhāv

Root dhāv (to run) with prefixes abhi (towards, against) and ā (hither).

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Explicitly for Dhananjaya. Implied for Duryodhana.

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhananjaya (one of Arjuna's names, lit. 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (conquering).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.