महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-9, verse-21

तच्छिरो न्यपतद्भूमौ कुण्डलोत्पीडितं महत् ।
शम्बरस्य शिरो यद्वन्निहतस्य महारणे ।
शोषयन्केकयान्सर्वाञ्जगामाशु वसुंधराम् ॥२१॥

21. tacchiro nyapatadbhūmau kuṇḍalotpīḍitaṁ mahat ,
śambarasya śiro yadvannihatasya mahāraṇe ,
śoṣayankekayānsarvāñjagāmāśu vasuṁdharām.

21. tat śiraḥ nyapatat bhūmau kuṇḍalotpīḍitam
mahat śambarasya śiraḥ yadvat
nihatasya mahāraṇe śoṣayan
kekayān sarvān jagāma āśu vasundharām

21. kuṇḍalotpīḍitam mahat tat śiraḥ
bhūmau nyapatat yadvat mahāraṇe
nihatasya śambarasya śiraḥ sarvān kekayān
śoṣayan āśu vasundharām jagāma

21. That great head, adorned with earrings, fell upon the earth, just as the head of Śambara, when he was slain in a great battle, making all the Kekayas despondent, quickly reached the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down, it sank

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

• कुण्डलोत्पीडितम् (kuṇḍalotpīḍitam) - pressed down by earrings, adorned with earrings

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, huge

• शम्बरस्य (śambarasya) - of Śambara (a demon's name)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, like, in the same way as

• निहतस्य (nihatasya) - of one slain, of one killed

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in a great battle

• शोषयन् (śoṣayan) - drying up, causing to wither, causing despondency

• केकयान् (kekayān) - the Kekayas (a people/clan)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• जगाम (jagāma) - it went, it reached

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth, the ground

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down, it sank

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nipat

Derived from prefix ni + root pat (to fall)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

कुण्डलोत्पीडितम् (kuṇḍalotpīḍitam) - pressed down by earrings, adorned with earrings

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kuṇḍalotpīḍita

kuṇḍalotpīḍita - adorned with earrings, pressed down by earrings (implying heavy earrings)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuṇḍala+utpīḍita)

• kuṇḍala – earring, coil
  noun (neuter)
• utpīḍita – pressed, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix ut + root pīḍ (to press, distress) + kta
  Prefix: ut
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, huge

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

शम्बरस्य (śambarasya) - of Śambara (a demon's name)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śambara

śambara - Śambara (a demon, typically slain by Pradyumna)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, like, in the same way as

(indeclinable)

निहतस्य (nihatasya) - of one slain, of one killed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix ni + root han (to strike, kill) + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in a great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)

शोषयन् (śoṣayan) - drying up, causing to wither, causing despondency

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoṣayat

śoṣayat - drying up, causing to wither, making despondent

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from root śuṣ (to dry) in causative form (śoṣayati) + śatṛ

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

केकयान् (kekayān) - the Kekayas (a people/clan)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - Kekaya (name of a people/country/king)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, whole

जगाम (jagāma) - it went, it reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Reduplicated perfect form of root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasundharā

vasundharā - earth, ground (lit. 'bearer of wealth')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasu+dharā)

• vasu – wealth, treasure, good
  noun (neuter)
• dharā – bearer, upholder, earth
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)