महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-9, verse-14

तौ सात्यकिर्महाराज प्रहसन्सर्वतोदिशम् ।
छादयञ्शरवर्षेण वारयामास भारत ॥१४॥

14. tau sātyakirmahārāja prahasansarvatodiśam ,
chādayañśaravarṣeṇa vārayāmāsa bhārata.

14. tau sātyakiḥ mahārāja prahasan sarvatodiśam
chādayan śaravarṣeṇa vārayāmāsa bhārata

14. mahārāja bhārata sātyakiḥ prahasan śaravarṣeṇa
sarvatodiśam chādayan tau vārayāmāsa

14. O great king, O Bharata, Satyaki, laughing, stopped those two, overwhelming them from all directions with a rain of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two, them

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki, the Yadava warrior (Satyaki)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, on all sides

• छादयन् (chādayan) - overwhelming them (covering, overwhelming, obscuring)

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a rain of arrows

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he stopped (he stopped, he restrained, he warded off)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two, them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also be nominative dual masculine, but accusative fits the context of 'stopped them'.

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki, the Yadava warrior (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (proper name)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

present active participle

Derived from root √has with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Satyaki.

सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, on all sides

(indeclinable)

Compound adverb from sarvataḥ (from all sides) and diś (direction). The -o- is due to sandhi in the compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sarvataḥ+diś)

• sarvataḥ – from all sides, on all hands
  indeclinable
• diś – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

छादयन् (chādayan) - overwhelming them (covering, overwhelming, obscuring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chādayat

chādayat - covering, obscuring, overwhelming

present active participle (causative)

Derived from root √chad (to cover) in the causative stem (chādaya) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Satyaki.

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a rain of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - rain of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the means by which Satyaki covered them.

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he stopped (he stopped, he restrained, he warded off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vārayāmāsa

perfect (ām-pratyaya)

Periphrastic perfect form from the causative stem of √vṛ (to cover, restrain). The ām-pratyaya with an auxiliary verb (in this case, √as - to be) forms the perfect.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The subject is Satyaki.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.