महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-72, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तथा तस्मिन्प्रवृत्ते तु संग्रामे लोमहर्षणे ।
कौरवेयांस्त्रिधाभूतान्पाण्डवाः समुपाद्रवन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tathā tasminpravṛtte tu saṁgrāme lomaharṣaṇe ,
kauraveyāṁstridhābhūtānpāṇḍavāḥ samupādravan.

1. sañjaya uvāca | tathā tasmin pravṛtte tu saṃgrāme
lomaharṣaṇe | kauraveyān tridhābhūtān pāṇḍavāḥ samupādravan

1. sañjaya uvāca tathā tu tasmin lomaharṣaṇe saṃgrāme
pravṛtte pāṇḍavāḥ tridhābhūtān kauraveyān samupādravan

1. Sañjaya spoke: When that hair-raising battle had thus commenced, the Pāṇḍavas charged upon the Kauravas, who were then scattered into three groups.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having commenced, when it had begun, having happened

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet, on the other hand

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the battle, in the war, in the conflict

• लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying

• कौरवेयान् (kauraveyān) - the Kauravas, the descendants of Kuru

• त्रिधाभूतान् (tridhābhūtān) - scattered in three parts, divided into three groups

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, the sons of Pāṇḍu

• समुपाद्रवन् (samupādravan) - they rushed upon, they attacked

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Could also be neuter locative singular.

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having commenced, when it had begun, having happened

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, happened, active, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra + √vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Could also be neuter locative singular.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the battle, in the war, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, terrifying

From loman (hair) + harṣaṇa (causing excitement)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, fur
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, exciting
  adjective (neuter)
  Causative noun/adjective
  Derived from √hṛṣ (to be excited, thrill)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'saṃgrāme'.

कौरवेयान् (kauraveyān) - the Kauravas, the descendants of Kuru

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kauraveya

kauraveya - a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Derived from Kuru with the patronymic suffix -eya

त्रिधाभूतान् (tridhābhūtān) - scattered in three parts, divided into three groups

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tridhābhūta

tridhābhūta - become threefold, divided into three parts

Compound of tridhā (in three ways) and bhūta (become)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tridhā+bhūta)

• tridhā – in three ways, threefold
  indeclinable
  Adverbial suffix -dhā
• bhūta – become, been, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kauraveyān'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, the sons of Pāṇḍu

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu with the patronymic suffix -a

समुपाद्रवन् (samupādravan) - they rushed upon, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √dru

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person plural active of sam + upa + ā + √dru

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)