महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-7, chapter-72, verse-21
वर्तमाने तथा युद्धे निर्मर्यादे विशां पते ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो हयानश्वैर्द्रोणस्य व्यत्यमिश्रयत् ॥२१॥
धृष्टद्युम्नो हयानश्वैर्द्रोणस्य व्यत्यमिश्रयत् ॥२१॥
21. vartamāne tathā yuddhe nirmaryāde viśāṁ pate ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno hayānaśvairdroṇasya vyatyamiśrayat.
dhṛṣṭadyumno hayānaśvairdroṇasya vyatyamiśrayat.
21.
vartamāne tathā yuddhe nirmaryāde viśām pate
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ hayān aśvaiḥ droṇasya vyatyamishrayat
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ hayān aśvaiḥ droṇasya vyatyamishrayat
21.
viśām pate tathā vartamāne nirmaryāde yuddhe
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ droṇasya aśvaiḥ hayān vyatyamishrayat
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ droṇasya aśvaiḥ hayān vyatyamishrayat
21.
O lord of subjects (viśām pate), as the battle thus raged without restraint (nirmaryāde), Dhṛṣṭadyumna intertwined his horses with Droṇa's horses.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the current, ongoing battle (in the present; while existing; in the current (battle))
- तथा (tathā) - thus, in such a way (thus, so, in that manner)
- युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)
- निर्मर्यादे (nirmaryāde) - without any restraint, lawless (without restraint, lawless, unrestrained)
- विशाम् (viśām) - of the subjects/people (of the people, of the subjects, of the inhabitants)
- पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the king Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)
- धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))
- हयान् (hayān) - (his own) horses (horses (accusative plural))
- अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with (Droṇa's) horses (by/with horses)
- द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa (the guru) (of Droṇa)
- व्यत्यमिस्ह्रयत् (vyatyamishrayat) - mixed (his horses) with (Droṇa's horses) (mixed, intertwined, blended)
Words meanings and morphology
वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the current, ongoing battle (in the present; while existing; in the current (battle))
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna
vartamāna - existing, present, current, being, living
Present Active Participle
From root vṛt (to turn, exist) + śānac (middle voice present participle suffix)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Agrees with yuddhe
तथा (tathā) - thus, in such a way (thus, so, in that manner)
(indeclinable)
युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha
yuddha - battle, fight, war
From root yudh (to fight)
Root: yudh (class 4)
निर्मर्यादे (nirmaryāde) - without any restraint, lawless (without restraint, lawless, unrestrained)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of nirmaryāda
nirmaryāda - without boundaries, without restraint, lawless, unlimited
nis (without) + maryādā (limit, boundary, restraint)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+maryādā)
- nis – without, out, free from
indeclinable - maryādā – limit, boundary, restraint, rule, propriety
noun (feminine)
विशाम् (viśām) - of the subjects/people (of the people, of the subjects, of the inhabitants)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of viś
viś - people, subjects, community, clan
Root: viś (class 6)
पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the king Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pati
pati - lord, master, husband, owner
धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna
dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of Drupada's son, commander of the Pāṇḍava army)
dhṛṣṭa (bold, daring) + dyumna (glory, splendor)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)
- dhṛṣṭa – bold, daring, impudent
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root dhṛṣ (to dare, be bold)
Root: dhṛṣ (class 5) - dyumna – glory, splendor, wealth
noun (neuter)
हयान् (hayān) - (his own) horses (horses (accusative plural))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of haya
haya - horse, steed
From root hi (to go, move)
Root: hi (class 5)
अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with (Droṇa's) horses (by/with horses)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva
aśva - horse, steed
द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa (the guru) (of Droṇa)
(proper noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa
droṇa - Droṇa (name of a famous guru and warrior)
व्यत्यमिस्ह्रयत् (vyatyamishrayat) - mixed (his horses) with (Droṇa's horses) (mixed, intertwined, blended)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of miśr
Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra)
Root miśr (10th class, parasmaipada/ātmanepada) with prefixes vi and ati. vyati is the sandhi of vi + ati. The a prefix indicates imperfect tense.
Prefixes: vi+ati
Root: miśr (class 10)