महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-31

जयद्रथश्च हन्तव्यो लम्बते च दिवाकरः ।
श्रान्तश्चैष महाबाहुरल्पप्राणश्च सांप्रतम् ॥३१॥

31. jayadrathaśca hantavyo lambate ca divākaraḥ ,
śrāntaścaiṣa mahābāhuralpaprāṇaśca sāṁpratam.

31. jayadrathaḥ ca hantavyaḥ lambate ca divākaraḥ
śrāntaḥ ca eṣaḥ mahābāhuḥ alpaprāṇaḥ ca sāmpratam

31. jayadrathaḥ hantavyaḥ ca divākaraḥ lambate ca
eṣaḥ mahābāhuḥ sāmpratam śrāntaḥ ca alpaprāṇaḥ ca

31. Jayadratha must be killed, and the sun is setting. This mighty-armed (Arjuna) is now exhausted and has little strength.

Words meanings summery:

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu, who is the target of Arjuna's vow (Jayadratha (name of a king))

• च (ca) - and, also

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - must be killed, referring to Jayadratha (to be killed, fit to be killed, should be killed)

• लम्बते (lambate) - the sun is setting/hanging low (hangs, sags, sets, dangles)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (sun, creator of day)

• श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted (referring to Arjuna) (tired, exhausted, fatigued)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to Arjuna) (this, this one)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (an epithet for Arjuna) (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• अल्पप्राणः (alpaprāṇaḥ) - with little strength (referring to Arjuna's combat ability) (with little breath/life/energy/strength)

• च (ca) - and, also

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at this time (now, at present, suitably)

Words meanings and morphology

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu, who is the target of Arjuna's vow (Jayadratha (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - victorious chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - must be killed, referring to Jayadratha (to be killed, fit to be killed, should be killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, fit to be killed

Gerundive

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill) with suffix -tavya.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective.

लम्बते (lambate) - the sun is setting/hanging low (hangs, sags, sets, dangles)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of lamb

Present Indicative

3rd singular, middle voice (ātmanepada) of √lamb (class 1).

Root: lamb (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (sun, creator of day)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun (lit. day-maker)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix -kara derived from √kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - exhausted (referring to Arjuna) (tired, exhausted, fatigued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - tired, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śram (to be weary, to strive).

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to Arjuna) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (an epithet for Arjuna) (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अल्पप्राणः (alpaprāṇaḥ) - with little strength (referring to Arjuna's combat ability) (with little breath/life/energy/strength)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpaprāṇa

alpaprāṇa - having little breath/life/strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+prāṇa)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective
• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air, energy
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at this time (now, at present, suitably)

(indeclinable)