महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-19

बहूनेकरथेनाजौ योधयित्वा महारथान् ।
आचार्यप्रमुखान्पार्थ आयात्येष हि सात्यकिः ॥१९॥

19. bahūnekarathenājau yodhayitvā mahārathān ,
ācāryapramukhānpārtha āyātyeṣa hi sātyakiḥ.

19. bahūn ekarathena ājau yodhayitvā mahārathān
ācāryapramukhān pārtha āyāti eṣa hi sātyakiḥ

19. pārtha eṣa sātyakiḥ hi ekarathena ājau
ācāryapramukhān mahārathān bahūn yodhayitvā āyāti

19. O Pārtha, Sātyaki is indeed approaching. With a single chariot, he has fought many great charioteers, foremost among whom was the preceptor (ācārya), in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

• एकरथेन (ekarathena) - by means of a single chariot, with a single chariot

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• योधयित्वा (yodhayitvā) - having caused to fight, having fought

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

• आचार्यप्रमुखान् (ācāryapramukhān) - referring to the great charioteers (mahārathān) led by Droṇa (headed by the preceptor, having the preceptor as chief)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

• एष (eṣa) - this, he

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, certainly

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (name of a warrior)

Words meanings and morphology

बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

एकरथेन (ekarathena) - by means of a single chariot, with a single chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekaratha

ekaratha - single chariot, one chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single, solitary
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car; charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ram (to delight, sport) with suffix -atha, or √rā (to give) with -tha.
  Root: ram (class 1)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest, race

From root √aj (to drive, propel).

Root: aj (class 1)

योधयित्वा (yodhayitvā) - having caused to fight, having fought

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) of causative stem

Formed by adding the suffix -tvā to the causative stem yodhāpayati (from root √yudh). The -pay suffix can be omitted in some contexts for the absolutive.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior fighting from a chariot; a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  From root √mah (to be great).
  Root: mah
• ratha – chariot, car; charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ram (to delight, sport) with suffix -atha, or √rā (to give) with -tha.
  Root: ram (class 1)

आचार्यप्रमुखान् (ācāryapramukhān) - referring to the great charioteers (mahārathān) led by Droṇa (headed by the preceptor, having the preceptor as chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ācāryapramukha

ācāryapramukha - having the preceptor (ācārya) as chief, led by the teacher

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ācārya+pramukha)

• ācārya – preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide
  noun (masculine)
  From ā (prefix) + √car (to move, behave) with suffix -ṇya.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost; having as chief/foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra (prefix) + mukha (face, mouth, chief).
  Prefix: pra

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), relating to Pṛthā

Patronymic derived from Pṛthā.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present active indicative, 3rd person singular

From ā (prefix) + root √yā (to go).

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

एष (eṣa) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near speaker)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, certainly

(indeclinable)

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (name of a warrior, an ally of the Pāṇḍavas and a disciple of Arjuna)

Patronymic of Satyaka.