महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तमुद्यतं महाबाहुं दुःशासनरथं प्रति ।
त्वरितं त्वरणीयेषु धनंजयहितैषिणम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tamudyataṁ mahābāhuṁ duḥśāsanarathaṁ prati ,
tvaritaṁ tvaraṇīyeṣu dhanaṁjayahitaiṣiṇam.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tam udyatam mahābāhum duḥśāsanaratham
prati tvaritam tvaraṇīyeṣu dhanaṃjayahitaiṣiṇam

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tam udyatam mahābāhum duḥśāsanaratham
prati tvaritam tvaraṇīyeṣu dhanaṃjayahitaiṣiṇam

1. Sanjaya said: (He spoke of) that mighty-armed (warrior), who was ready (for action), swift among the swift, a well-wisher of Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna), and was moving towards Duḥśāsana's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the warrior (Satyaki) described. (him, that)

• उद्यतम् (udyatam) - Ready for battle. (raised, prepared, ready)

• महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed, strong-armed

• दुःशासनरथम् (duḥśāsanaratham) - Duḥśāsana's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - swift, hastened, quick

• त्वरणीयेषु (tvaraṇīyeṣu) - among the swift warriors (among those to be hastened, among the swift ones)

• धनंजयहितैषिणम् (dhanaṁjayahitaiṣiṇam) - wishing good for Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root vac, 3rd person singular active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the warrior (Satyaki) described. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object being described, continued in the next verse.

उद्यतम् (udyatam) - Ready for battle. (raised, prepared, ready)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, prepared, ready, energetic

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root yam (to restrain, hold) with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed, strong-armed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed (epithet for heroes)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

दुःशासनरथम् (duḥśāsanaratham) - Duḥśāsana's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsanaratha

duḥśāsanaratha - Duḥśāsana's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥśāsana+ratha)

• duḥśāsana – Duḥśāsana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - swift, hastened, quick

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quick, swift

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

त्वरणीयेषु (tvaraṇīyeṣu) - among the swift warriors (among those to be hastened, among the swift ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of tvaraṇīya

tvaraṇīya - to be hastened, swift, quick

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hasten) with suffix anīya

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Indicates the group among whom 'tam' is swift.

धनंजयहितैषिणम् (dhanaṁjayahitaiṣiṇam) - wishing good for Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjayahitaiṣin

dhanaṁjayahitaiṣin - one who desires welfare of Dhanaṃjaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanaṃjaya+hita+eṣin)

• dhanaṃjaya – Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)
  proper noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, good, beneficial
  noun (neuter)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  From root iṣ 'to desire'
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.