महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-104, verse-16

ततः कर्णस्तु विंशत्या शराणां भीममार्दयत् ।
विव्याध चास्य त्वरितः सूतं पञ्चभिराशुगैः ॥१६॥

16. tataḥ karṇastu viṁśatyā śarāṇāṁ bhīmamārdayat ,
vivyādha cāsya tvaritaḥ sūtaṁ pañcabhirāśugaiḥ.

16. tataḥ karṇaḥ tu viṃśatyā śarāṇām bhīmam ārdayat
vivyādha ca asya tvaritaḥ sūtam pañcabhiḥ āśugaiḥ

16. tataḥ karṇaḥ tu viṃśatyā śarāṇām bhīmam ārdayat.
ca tvaritaḥ asya sūtam pañcabhiḥ āśugaiḥ vivyādha.

16. Then Karṇa, indeed, wounded Bhīma with twenty arrows. And swiftly, he pierced his charioteer with five swift arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty

• शराणाम् (śarāṇām) - of arrows

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (Bhīma (accusative))

• आर्दयत् (ārdayat) - wounded (tormented, hurt, afflicted, pained)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (his, of this (person))

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, hurried)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows (with swift-moving (arrows))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, Karṇa (proper name)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty

(numeral)

शराणाम् (śarāṇām) - of arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, dart

Root: śṛ

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (Bhīma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, Bhīma (proper name)

Root: bhī (class 3)

आर्दयत् (ārdayat) - wounded (tormented, hurt, afflicted, pained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ārd

Imperfect, 3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

From root 'ṛd' (to pain, afflict) with augment 'ā'. Causative form 'ārd' (to pain), from 'ṛd' (cl. 5, 'ṛṇotti' or cl. 10 'ardayati').

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛd (class 10)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect, 3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

Reduplicated root 'vyadh' (class 4) for perfect tense.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (his, of this (person))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, him

Genitive singular of 'idam' (masculine/neuter).

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, hurried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - swift, quick, hurried; swiftly (as adverb)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten). Used here adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: While grammatically an adjective, its function here is adverbial, meaning 'swiftly'.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five

(numeral)

Note: Refers to 'āśugaiḥ'.

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift arrows (with swift-moving (arrows))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-moving, arrow (that which goes swiftly)

Formed from 'āśu' (swift) and 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick
  adjective
• ga – going, moving, what goes
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'arrows'.