महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-41

तस्मिंस्तथा वर्तमाने संग्रामे लोमहर्षणे ।
धार्तराष्ट्रं महत्सैन्यं प्रायशो विमुखीकृतम् ॥४१॥

41. tasmiṁstathā vartamāne saṁgrāme lomaharṣaṇe ,
dhārtarāṣṭraṁ mahatsainyaṁ prāyaśo vimukhīkṛtam.

41. tasmin tathā vartamāne saṃgrāme lomaharṣaṇe
dhārtarāṣṭram mahat sainyam prāyaśaḥ vimukhīkṛtam

41. tasmin tathā vartamāne lomaharṣaṇe saṃgrāme
mahat dhārtarāṣṭram sainyam prāyaśaḥ vimukhīkṛtam

41. In that intensely hair-raising battle that was then unfolding, the great army of the Dhārtarāṣṭras was largely routed.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - unfolding (being, existing, ongoing)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - intensely hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps)

• धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - of the Dhṛtarāṣṭras (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to the Dhṛtarāṣṭras (Kauravas))

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - largely (mostly, for the most part, generally)

• विमुखीकृतम् (vimukhīkṛtam) - routed (turned away, disheartened, routed, defeated)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the battle (saṃgrāma).

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - unfolding (being, existing, ongoing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, current, present, being, occurring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist) with śānac suffix, used as an adjective.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃgrāme.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - intensely hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Compound formed from loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing excitement).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – exciting, causing thrill, gladdening
  adjective (neuter)
  Nomen actionis / Nomen agentis
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to be excited, to thrill).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃgrāme.

धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - of the Dhṛtarāṣṭras (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to the Dhṛtarāṣṭras (Kauravas))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; relating to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Taddhita derivative from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Agrees with sainyam.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Note: Agrees with sainyam.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military, troops

Derived from senā (army).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - largely (mostly, for the most part, generally)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -śas (denoting 'mostly' or 'by means of').

विमुखीकृतम् (vimukhīkṛtam) - routed (turned away, disheartened, routed, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vimukhīkṛta

vimukhīkṛta - made to turn away, routed, disheartened, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from vi-mukha (turned away) + -kṛ (to make, do) + kta (passive participle suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vimukha+kṛta)

• vimukha – turned away, averted, hostile
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of vi (away) + mukha (face).
  Prefix: vi
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with kta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective describing sainyam.