महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-22

धूम्रारुणं रजस्तीव्रं रणभूमिं समावृणोत् ।
नैव स्वे न परे राजन्समजानन्परस्परम् ॥२२॥

22. dhūmrāruṇaṁ rajastīvraṁ raṇabhūmiṁ samāvṛṇot ,
naiva sve na pare rājansamajānanparasparam.

22. dhūmrāruṇam rajaḥ tīvram raṇabhūmim samāvṛṇot
na eva sve na pare rājan samajānan parasparam

22. rājan dhūmrāruṇam tīvram rajaḥ raṇabhūmim samāvṛṇot.
na eva sve na pare parasparam samajānan.

22. O king, the intense, smoky-reddish dust enveloped the battlefield. Neither their own kin nor the enemies could recognize each other.

Words meanings summery:

• धूम्रारुणम् (dhūmrāruṇam) - smoky-red, grayish-red

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, sharp, fierce, violent

• रणभूमिम् (raṇabhūmim) - battlefield

• समावृणोत् (samāvṛṇot) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

• न (na) - not, neither

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• स्वे (sve) - one's own people, kin

• न (na) - not, nor

• परे (pare) - others, enemies

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• समजानन् (samajānan) - recognized, knew, understood

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

धूम्रारुणम् (dhūmrāruṇam) - smoky-red, grayish-red

(adjective)

neuter, singular of dhūmrāruṇa

dhūmrāruṇa - smoky-red, grayish-red

Tatpurusha or Dvandva compound (smoke and red, or red like smoke).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / dvandva (dhūmra+aruṇa)

• dhūmra – smoky, gray
  adjective (masculine)
• aruṇa – red, reddish, dawn-colored
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rajaḥ.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, atom, impurity, passion

s-stem noun.

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, sharp, fierce, violent

(adjective)

neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, sharp, fierce, violent

Note: Agrees with rajaḥ.

रणभूमिम् (raṇabhūmim) - battlefield

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of raṇabhūmi

raṇabhūmi - battlefield, battleground

Tatpurusha compound (raṇa + bhūmi).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+bhūmi)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• bhūmi – earth, land, ground, place
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of samāvṛṇot.

समावृणोत् (samāvṛṇot) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāvṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice

From root vṛ (to cover) with upasargas sam-ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

न (na) - not, neither

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

स्वे (sve) - one's own people, kin

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own, kin, wealth

Nominative plural masculine.

Note: Subject of samajānan.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

परे (pare) - others, enemies

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Nominative plural masculine.

Note: Subject of samajānan.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Vocative singular masculine of rājan.

Root: rāj (class 1)

समजानन् (samajānan) - recognized, knew, understood

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samājñā

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person plural, active voice

From root jñā (to know) with upasargas sam-ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of paraspara (mutual).

Note: Functions as an adverbial object to samajānan.