महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-18

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तत्र तत्र महात्मनाम् ।
तावकानां परेषां च संग्रामेष्वनिवर्तिनाम् ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ tatra tatra mahātmanām ,
tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca saṁgrāmeṣvanivartinām.

18. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham tatra tatra mahātmanām
| tāvakānām pareṣām ca saṃgrāmeṣu anivartinām

18. tataḥ tatra tatra saṃgrāmeṣu anivartinām
mahātmanām tāvakānām pareṣām ca yuddham pravavṛte

18. Then, at various places, a battle ensued among the great warriors – your men and the enemies – who were unyielding in their conflicts.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, afterwards)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced, began (commenced, began, ensued)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place (there, in that place)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great warriors (of great souls, of great-minded ones)

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your warriors (Kauravas) (of yours, of your people)

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies (Pandavas) (of others, of the enemies)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• संग्रामेषु (saṁgrāmeṣu) - in the battles (in battles, in conflicts)

• अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who were unyielding/unretreating (of those who do not retreat, of the unretreating)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced, began (commenced, began, ensued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of vṛt

Perfect Middle

Root 'vṛt' with 'pra' prefix, perfect middle 3rd singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Finite verb.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'pravavṛte'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for 'here and there' or 'at various places'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of repetition 'tatra tatra'.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great warriors (of great souls, of great-minded ones)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, high-minded, noble, great person

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the warriors on both sides.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your warriors (Kauravas) (of yours, of your people)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, relating to you, your men

Derived from 'yuṣmad' (you).

Note: Agrees with 'mahātmanām'.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies (Pandavas) (of others, of the enemies)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

Note: Agrees with 'mahātmanām'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

संग्रामेषु (saṁgrāmeṣu) - in the battles (in battles, in conflicts)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, conflict, war

From root 'gram' (to go) with 'sam' prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

Note: Locative of place/context.

अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who were unyielding/unretreating (of those who do not retreat, of the unretreating)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, not retreating, firm

Agent Noun

From root 'vṛt' with 'ni' prefix, negated by 'a'.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – retreating, turning back
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix -in
  From verb root 'vṛt' with 'ni' prefix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahātmanām' and also 'tāvakānām pareṣām'.