महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-38

तथा हया हयारोहैस्ताडिताः प्रासतोमरैः ।
तेन तेनाभ्यवर्तन्त कुर्वन्तो व्याकुला दिशः ॥३८॥

38. tathā hayā hayārohaistāḍitāḥ prāsatomaraiḥ ,
tena tenābhyavartanta kurvanto vyākulā diśaḥ.

38. tathā hayāḥ hayārohaiḥ tāḍitāḥ prāsatomaraiḥ
tena tena abhyavartanta kurvantaḥ vyākulāḥ diśaḥ

38. tathā hayārohaiḥ prāsatomaraiḥ tāḍitāḥ hayāḥ
tena tena abhyavartanta diśaḥ vyākulāḥ kurvantaḥ

38. Similarly, horses, struck by horse-riders with spears and javelins, moved hither and thither, causing confusion in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in the same way, similarly

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• हयारोहैः (hayārohaiḥ) - by horse-riders

• ताडिताः (tāḍitāḥ) - struck, beaten

• प्रासतोमरैः (prāsatomaraiḥ) - with spears and javelins

• तेन (tena) - by that, in that way, there

• तेन (tena) - by that, in that way, there

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned, they moved about

• कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - making, causing

• व्याकुलाः (vyākulāḥ) - agitated, confused, disordered

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters (of the sky)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in the same way, similarly

(indeclinable)

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

हयारोहैः (hayārohaiḥ) - by horse-riders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - horse-rider

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+āroha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – mounting, riding; rider
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√ruh (to ascend)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

ताडिताः (tāḍitāḥ) - struck, beaten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, beaten, hit

Past Passive Participle

From √tāḍ (to strike)

Root: tāḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

प्रासतोमरैः (prāsatomaraiḥ) - with spears and javelins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāsatomara

prāsatomara - spears and javelins

Compound type : dvandva (prāsa+tomara)

• prāsa – spear, dart
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√as (to throw)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: as (class 4)
• tomara – javelin, iron club
  noun (masculine)

तेन (tena) - by that, in that way, there

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Used adverbially in reduplication 'tena tena'.

तेन (tena) - by that, in that way, there

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Used adverbially in reduplication 'tena tena'.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned, they moved about

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect 3rd Plural Middle

From abhi-ā-√vṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - making, causing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

व्याकुलाः (vyākulāḥ) - agitated, confused, disordered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vyākula

vyākula - agitated, confused, disordered

Note: Agrees with `diśaḥ` (Acc. Pl. Fem.).

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters (of the sky)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of `kurvantaḥ`.