महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
विमुखीकृत्य तान्सर्वांस्तावकान्युधि राक्षसः ।
जिघांसुर्भरतश्रेष्ठ दुर्योधनमुपाद्रवत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vimukhīkṛtya tānsarvāṁstāvakānyudhi rākṣasaḥ ,
jighāṁsurbharataśreṣṭha duryodhanamupādravat.

1. saṃjaya uvāca vimukhīkṛtya tān sarvān tāvakān yudhi
rākṣasaḥ jighāṃsuḥ bharataśreṣṭha duryodhanam upādravat

1. saṃjaya uvāca bharataśreṣṭha rākṣasaḥ yudhi tān sarvān
tāvakān vimukhīkṛtya duryodhanam jighāṃsuḥ upādravat

1. Saṃjaya said: O best of Bhāratas, having put all your warriors to flight in battle, the demon (Ghaṭotkaca), desiring to kill Duryodhana, rushed towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya, the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata (Saṃjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विमुखीकृत्य (vimukhīkṛtya) - having turned away, having made averse, having put to flight

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors/sons (the Kauravas) (yours, belonging to you, your people/warriors)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca, the son of Bhīma (demon, a Rākṣasa)

• जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - desiring to kill, intending to slay

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of Bhāratas)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya, the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata (Saṃjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - a proper name; victory; complete triumph

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense active

3rd person singular perfect tense form of the root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

विमुखीकृत्य (vimukhīkṛtya) - having turned away, having made averse, having put to flight

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed by combining prefix vi, mukha (face) and root kṛ (to do, make), with the lyap suffix for absolutive

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating prior action.

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, whole

Note: Agrees with tāvakān.

तावकान् (tāvakān) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors/sons (the Kauravas) (yours, belonging to you, your people/warriors)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your (people/sons/warriors)

Derived from tava (your).

Note: Refers to the Kaurava warriors.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca, the son of Bhīma (demon, a Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a Rākṣasa (class of mythical beings)

Descendant of Rakṣas.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - desiring to kill, intending to slay

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jighāṃsu

jighāṁsu - desiring to kill, intent on slaying

desiderative adjective/noun

Derived from the desiderative stem of the root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among the Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a proper name
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy).

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name); difficult to fight

Compound of dur (difficult) and yodhana (fighting).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• yodhana – fighting, a fighter, war
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb upādravat.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upadru

imperfect tense active

3rd person singular imperfect tense form of the root dru (to run) with prefix upa. The 'a-' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)