महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-17

तेषामापततां श्रुत्वा शब्दं तं तावकं बलम् ।
भीमसेनभयोद्विग्नं विवर्णवदनं तथा ।
परिवृत्तं महाराज परित्यज्य घटोत्कचम् ॥१७॥

17. teṣāmāpatatāṁ śrutvā śabdaṁ taṁ tāvakaṁ balam ,
bhīmasenabhayodvignaṁ vivarṇavadanaṁ tathā ,
parivṛttaṁ mahārāja parityajya ghaṭotkacam.

17. teṣām āpatatām śrutvā śabdaṃ tam
tāvakam balam | bhīmasenabhayodvignam
vivarṇavadanam tathā | parivṛttam
mahārāja parityajya ghaṭotkacam

17. mahārāja,
teṣām āpatatām tam śabdam śrutvā,
bhīmasenabhayodvignam tathā vivarṇavadanam tāvakam balam ghaṭotkacam parityajya parivṛttam

17. O great king, having heard that sound of their approach, your army, agitated by fear of Bhimasena and pale-faced, abandoned Ghatotkacha and fled.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (enemies) (of them, their)

• आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those (enemies) who were approaching (of those falling upon, of those approaching)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - the sound (sound, noise)

• तम् (tam) - that (specific) (that)

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your (Duryodhana's) (your, belonging to you)

• बलम् (balam) - the army (army, force, strength)

• भीमसेनभयोद्विग्नम् (bhīmasenabhayodvignam) - agitated by the fear of Bhimasena (agitated/disturbed by fear of Bhimasena)

• विवर्णवदनम् (vivarṇavadanam) - having pale faces (pale-faced, discolored face)

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, also)

• परिवृत्तम् (parivṛttam) - fled, turned away (turned around, fled, retreated)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

• घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - Ghatotkacha (son of Bhima) (Ghatotkacha (name))

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (enemies) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the approaching enemies.

आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those (enemies) who were approaching (of those falling upon, of those approaching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, attacking

Present Active Participle

From verb root 'pat' (to fall) with 'ā' (towards) prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'teṣām'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

शब्दम् (śabdam) - the sound (sound, noise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

तम् (tam) - that (specific) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'śabdam'.

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your (Duryodhana's) (your, belonging to you)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, relating to you

Derived from 'yuṣmad' (you).

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Subject of the sentence.

भीमसेनभयोद्विग्नम् (bhīmasenabhayodvignam) - agitated by the fear of Bhimasena (agitated/disturbed by fear of Bhimasena)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhīmasenabhayodvigna

bhīmasenabhayodvigna - agitated by fear of Bhimasena

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+bhaya+udvigna)

• bhīmasena – Bhimasena (name of a Pandava hero)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• udvigna – agitated, disturbed, alarmed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root 'vij' (to tremble, to be agitated) with 'ud' prefix.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

विवर्णवदनम् (vivarṇavadanam) - having pale faces (pale-faced, discolored face)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivarṇavadana

vivarṇavadana - pale-faced, having a discolored face

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vivarṇa+vadana)

• vivarṇa – discolored, pale, without color
  adjective
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

परिवृत्तम् (parivṛttam) - fled, turned away (turned around, fled, retreated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parivṛtta

parivṛtta - turned around, retreated, fled, revolved

Past Passive Participle

From verb root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with 'pari' prefix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'balam', acting as the main predicate in absence of explicit finite verb.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - Ghatotkacha (son of Bhima) (Ghatotkacha (name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - Ghatotkacha (name of a rākṣasa, son of Bhima and Hidimba)

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.