महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-89, verse-2

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य राजानं प्रति वेगितम् ।
अभ्यधावञ्जिघांसन्तस्तावका युद्धदुर्मदाः ॥२॥

2. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya rājānaṁ prati vegitam ,
abhyadhāvañjighāṁsantastāvakā yuddhadurmadāḥ.

2. tam āpatantam samprekṣya rājānam prati vegitam
abhyadhāvan jighāṃsantaḥ tāvakāḥ yuddhadurmadāḥ

2. samprekṣya tam āpatantam rājānam prati vegitam
tāvakāḥ yuddhadurmadāḥ jighāṃsantaḥ abhyadhāvan

2. Having seen him (Ghaṭotkaca) swiftly approaching the king (Duryodhana), your warriors, maddened by battle and intent on slaying, rushed towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Ghaṭotkaca (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - Ghaṭotkaca, as he was rushing (approaching, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having perceived, having observed

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Duryodhana (the king)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (the king) (towards, against, concerning)

• वेगितम् (vegitam) - swift, rapid, impelled

• अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they ran towards, they attacked

• जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill, intending to slay

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors/sons (the Kauravas) (yours, your people/warriors)

• युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - maddened by battle, intoxicated by war

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Ghaṭotkaca (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Ghaṭotkaca.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - Ghaṭotkaca, as he was rushing (approaching, falling upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling, approaching, rushing

present active participle

From root pat (to fall, fly) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes sam and pra. The lyap suffix forms the absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates action prior to abhyadhāvan.

राजानम् (rājānam) - Duryodhana (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of prati.

प्रति (prati) - towards (the king) (towards, against, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix.

Note: Preposition.

वेगितम् (vegitam) - swift, rapid, impelled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vegita

vegita - swift, quick, impelled, agitated

past passive participle

From root vij (to move rapidly) or vegin (swift).

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adjective describing Ghaṭotkaca's approach.

अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they ran towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhimanyu

imperfect tense active

3rd person plural imperfect tense form of the root dhāv (to run) with prefix abhi. The 'a-' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill, intending to slay

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill, intent on slaying

desiderative present active participle

From the desiderative stem of the root han (to kill).

Root: han (class 2)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's warriors/sons (the Kauravas) (yours, your people/warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your (people/sons/warriors)

Derived from tava (your).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - maddened by battle, intoxicated by war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - maddened by battle, intoxicated by war

Compound of yuddha (battle) and durmada (greatly intoxicated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – greatly intoxicated, fiercely proud, maddened
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of dur (bad, difficult) and mada (intoxication, pride).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)