महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-83, verse-26

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं घोररूपं भयावहम् ।
तावकानां परेषां च निघ्नतामितरेतरम् ॥२६॥

26. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ ghorarūpaṁ bhayāvaham ,
tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca nighnatāmitaretaram.

26. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham ghora-rūpam bhaya-āvaham
tāvakānām pareṣām ca nighnatām itaretaram

26. tataḥ ghora-rūpam bhaya-āvaham yuddham pravavṛte
tāvakānām ca pareṣām itaretaram nighnatām

26. Then a battle (yuddha) began, fearsome in its nature and terrifying, as your warriors and those of the enemies slaughtered each other.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it commenced, it began (it commenced, it began, it turned)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (yuddha) (battle, fight)

• घोर-रूपम् (ghora-rūpam) - fearsome in its nature (fearsome in form, terrible-shaped)

• भय-आवहम् (bhaya-āvaham) - terrifying (fear-bringing, terrifying)

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your warriors / of your side (of your people, of your side)

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies / of the other side (of others, of the enemies)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those slaughtering (of those killing, slaying)

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other (each other, mutually, reciprocally)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative derivative of 'tad' (that).

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating sequence.

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it commenced, it began (it commenced, it began, it turned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of vṛt

Perfect

Root vṛt (1st conjugation, ātmanepada) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The perfect tense (`lit`) implies a completed action in the past, often with present relevance.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (yuddha) (battle, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight), here substantivized.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb 'pravavṛte'.

घोर-रूपम् (ghora-rūpam) - fearsome in its nature (fearsome in form, terrible-shaped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - fearsome form, terrible appearance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – fearsome, terrible, dreadful
  adjective
• rūpa – form, shape, nature, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

भय-आवहम् (bhaya-āvaham) - terrifying (fear-bringing, terrifying)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayāvaha

bhayāvaha - fear-bringing, terrifying, dreadful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective
  agent noun derivative
  Derived from root vah (to carry) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your warriors / of your side (of your people, of your side)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your people

Derived from 'tva' (you) with suffix -ka.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side, the Kauravas.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies / of the other side (of others, of the enemies)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, hostile, enemy, supreme

Note: Refers to the opposing side, the Pāṇḍavas.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction joining 'tāvakānām' and 'pareṣām'.

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those slaughtering (of those killing, slaying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada) with prefix ni. The participle is declined in the genitive plural.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tāvakānām' and 'pareṣām'.

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other (each other, mutually, reciprocally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating reciprocal action.