महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-83, verse-12

तथा सर्वेण सैन्येन राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
द्रौणेरनन्तरं प्रायात्सोदर्यैः परिवारितः ॥१२॥

12. tathā sarveṇa sainyena rājā duryodhanastadā ,
drauṇeranantaraṁ prāyātsodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ.

12. tathā sarveṇa sainyena rājā duryodhanaḥ tadā
drauṇeḥ anantaram prāyāt sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ

12. tathā tadā rājā duryodhanaḥ drauṇeḥ anantaram
sarveṇa sainyena sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ prāyāt

12. Following Droṇi, King Duryodhana then proceeded with his entire army, surrounded by his uterine brothers.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• सर्वेण (sarveṇa) - by his entire (by all, by the whole)

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, by the host

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Droṇi, after Droṇi

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - after, immediately following, next

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went, he proceeded

• सोदर्यैः (sodaryaiḥ) - by kinsmen, by uterine brothers

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encircled, attended

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

सर्वेण (sarveṇa) - by his entire (by all, by the whole)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, by the host

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - an army, host, military

Derived from senā (army).

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From root rāj (to shine, rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (difficult to fight, hard to conquer).

Compound of dur (difficult) and yodhana (fighting).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  prefix
  Prefix with negative or difficult sense.
• yodhana – fighting, battle, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Appositive for rājā.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronoun tad.

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Droṇi, after Droṇi

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - Son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman).

Patronymic from Droṇa.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - after, immediately following, next

(indeclinable)

Compound of an- (negation) and antara (interval, space).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (an+antara)

• an – not, un-, without
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• antara – interval, space, difference, other
  noun (neuter)

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prayā

Imperfect active

From pra- + root yā (to go), used in past sense.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

सोदर्यैः (sodaryaiḥ) - by kinsmen, by uterine brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sodarya

sodarya - uterine brother, kinsman, one born from the same womb

Compound of sa- (same) and udara (womb).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together (prefix)
  indeclinable
  Indicates 'with' or 'same'.
• udara – belly, womb, interior
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of parivāritaḥ.

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encircled, attended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, attended

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pari- and root vṛ (to cover, enclose) - causative vārayati (to surround).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.