महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-68, verse-27

तस्याश्वाः प्रद्रुता राजन्निहते रथसारथौ ।
तेन तेनैव धावन्ति मनोमारुतरंहसः ॥२७॥

27. tasyāśvāḥ pradrutā rājannihate rathasārathau ,
tena tenaiva dhāvanti manomārutaraṁhasaḥ.

27. tasyāḥ aśvāḥ pradrutā rājan nihate ratha-sārathau
tena tena eva dhāvanti mano-māruta-raṃhasaḥ

27. rājan tasyāḥ aśvāḥ ratha-sārathau nihate pradrutā
mano-māruta-raṃhasaḥ tena tena eva dhāvanti

27. O King, when her charioteer was slain, her horses fled, running hither and thither with the speed of mind and wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• प्रद्रुता (pradrutā) - fled, run away

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• निहते (nihate) - when killed, when slain

• रथ-सारथौ (ratha-sārathau) - charioteer

• तेन (tena) - by that, in that direction

• तेन (tena) - by that, in that direction

• एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

• धावन्ति (dhāvanti) - they run

• मनो-मारुत-रंहसः (mano-māruta-raṁhasaḥ) - having the speed of mind and wind, swift as mind and wind

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she, he, it

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

प्रद्रुता (pradrutā) - fled, run away

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pradruta

pradruta - fled, run away, hurried

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru (to run) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Feminine nominative plural form; used for masculine plural 'aśvāḥ' likely due to poetic license or context.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

निहते (nihate) - when killed, when slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike/kill) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

रथ-सारथौ (ratha-sārathau) - charioteer

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha-sārathi

ratha-sārathi - charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+sārathi)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तेन (tena) - by that, in that direction

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially here, 'in that direction'.

तेन (tena) - by that, in that direction

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Repetition 'tena tena' signifies 'hither and thither' or 'in various directions'.

एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the direction.

धावन्ति (dhāvanti) - they run

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dhāv

Present Active

Class 1 Parasmaipada

Root: dhāv (class 1)

मनो-मारुत-रंहसः (mano-māruta-raṁhasaḥ) - having the speed of mind and wind, swift as mind and wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mano-māruta-raṃhas

mano-māruta-raṁhas - whose speed is like that of the mind and the wind, swift as mind and wind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (manas+māruta+raṃhas)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• māruta – wind, air, Marut deity
  noun (masculine)
• raṃhas – speed, velocity, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'aśvāḥ'.