महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-68, verse-12

मध्यंदिनगते सूर्ये नभस्याकुलतां गते ।
कुरवः पाण्डवेयाश्च निजघ्नुरितरेतरम् ॥१२॥

12. madhyaṁdinagate sūrye nabhasyākulatāṁ gate ,
kuravaḥ pāṇḍaveyāśca nijaghnuritaretaram.

12. madhyaṃdinagate sūrye nabhasi ākulatām gate
kuravaḥ pāṇḍaveyāḥ ca nijaghnuḥ itaretaram

12. sūrye madhyaṃdinagate nabhasi ākulatām gate
ca kuravaḥ pāṇḍaveyāḥ itaretaram nijaghnuḥ

12. As the sun reached midday and the sky grew agitated, the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas struck each other down.

Words meanings summery:

• मध्यंदिनगते (madhyaṁdinagate) - having reached midday, at midday, at noon

• सूर्ये (sūrye) - in the sun, when the sun

• नभसि (nabhasi) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

• आकुलताम् (ākulatām) - agitation, disturbance, distress, confusion

• गते (gate) - having gone, having reached, having become

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• च (ca) - and, also

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they struck down, they slew

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually, one another

Words meanings and morphology

मध्यंदिनगते (madhyaṁdinagate) - having reached midday, at midday, at noon

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of madhyaṃdinagata

madhyaṁdinagata - reached midday, at noon

Past Passive Participle

Compound: madhyaṃdina (midday) + gata (gone, reached).

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhyaṃdina+gata)

• madhyaṃdina – midday, noon
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, reached, arrived, attained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'sūrye'.

सूर्ये (sūrye) - in the sun, when the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'madhyaṃdinagate'.

नभसि (nabhasi) - in the sky, in the atmosphere

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud, heaven

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'ākulatām gate'.

आकुलताम् (ākulatām) - agitation, disturbance, distress, confusion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ākulatā

ākulatā - agitation, perplexity, distress, confusion

Derived from 'ākula' (agitated) with suffix '-tā' forming a feminine noun.

Prefix: ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gate' (here meaning 'having reached a state of').

गते (gate) - having gone, having reached, having become

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, become

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go, move).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with 'nabhasi'.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from 'Pāṇḍu' with suffix 'eya' indicating progeny.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kuravaḥ' and 'pāṇḍaveyāḥ'.

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they struck down, they slew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person plural, Perfect tense (Liṭ), Parasmaipada, from root 'han' with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually, one another

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of itaretara

itaretara - each other, mutual, one another

Compound of 'itara' (other) + 'itara' (other).

Compound type : dvandva (itara+itara)

• itara – other, another
  pronoun
• itara – other, another
  pronoun

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.