महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-68, verse-31

ते वध्यमाना भीष्मेण पाञ्चालाः सोमकैः सह ।
आर्यां युद्धे मतिं कृत्वा भीष्ममेवाभिदुद्रुवुः ॥३१॥

31. te vadhyamānā bhīṣmeṇa pāñcālāḥ somakaiḥ saha ,
āryāṁ yuddhe matiṁ kṛtvā bhīṣmamevābhidudruvuḥ.

31. te vadhyamānāḥ bhīṣmeṇa pāñcālāḥ somakaiḥ saha
āryām yuddhe matim kṛtvā bhīṣmam eva abhidudruvuḥ

31. te bhīṣmeṇa vadhyamānāḥ pāñcālāḥ somakaiḥ saha
yuddhe āryām matim kṛtvā bhīṣmam eva abhidudruvuḥ

31. Those Panchalas, being slain by Bhishma, along with the Somakas, formed a noble resolve in battle and rushed straight at Bhishma himself.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck down, being killed

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people of the Panchala kingdom)

• सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - by the Somakas, with the Somakas

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• आर्याम् (āryām) - noble, honorable, excellent

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• मतिम् (matim) - resolve, intention, mind, thought

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having formed

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck down, being killed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root vadh (to strike, kill) + passive suffix ya + present participle suffix māna.

Root: vadh (class 1)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, a revered warrior in the Mahabharata)

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people of the Panchala kingdom)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - Panchala (a country or its inhabitants)

सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - by the Somakas, with the Somakas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - Somaka (a tribal name, often associated with the Panchalas)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Always takes instrumental case.

आर्याम् (āryām) - noble, honorable, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, honorable, respectable, Aryan

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

मतिम् (matim) - resolve, intention, mind, thought

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, intellect, thought, intention, resolve

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having formed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root kṛ (to do, make) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, a revered warrior in the Mahabharata)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of abhidru

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)