महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-68, verse-20

भीष्मस्तु रथिनां श्रेष्ठो भीमसेनं महाबलम् ।
अवारयत संक्रुद्धः सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यतः ॥२०॥

20. bhīṣmastu rathināṁ śreṣṭho bhīmasenaṁ mahābalam ,
avārayata saṁkruddhaḥ sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ.

20. bhīṣmaḥ tu rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ bhīmasenam mahābalam
avārayata saṃkruddhaḥ sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

20. tu rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ saṃkruddhaḥ bhīṣmaḥ
sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ mahābalam bhīmasenam avārayata

20. However, Bhishma, the foremost among charioteers, greatly enraged, restrained the mighty Bhimasena, as the entire army looked on.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name of a character))

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (best, excellent, chief, foremost)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (name of a character))

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty (exceedingly mighty, possessing great strength)

• अवारयत (avārayata) - restrained (he restrained, he prevented, he warded off)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - looked on (watching) (seeing, watching)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper name)

Root: bhī (class 3)

तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (best, excellent, chief, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, chief, foremost, most beautiful

Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (good).

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (a proper name)

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - mighty (exceedingly mighty, possessing great strength)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, exceedingly strong, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 10)

अवारयत (avārayata) - restrained (he restrained, he prevented, he warded off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of avārayata

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect 3rd singular, middle voice, causative of root 'vṛ' with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Causative sense: 'caused to stop' or 'restrained'.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, very angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Bhishma.

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army, whole host

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, entire, whole
  adjective (neuter)
• sainya – army, host, pertaining to an army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - looked on (watching) (seeing, watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (which becomes 'paśya' in present tense) with '-at' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sarvasainyasya in a genitive absolute construction.