महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-65, verse-5

स निर्ययौ रथानीकं पिता देवव्रतस्तव ।
महता रथवंशेन संवृतो रथिनां वरः ॥५॥

5. sa niryayau rathānīkaṁ pitā devavratastava ,
mahatā rathavaṁśena saṁvṛto rathināṁ varaḥ.

5. saḥ niryayau rathānīkam pitā devavrataḥ tava
mahatā rathavaṃśena saṃvṛtaḥ rathinām varaḥ

5. tava pitā devavrataḥ rathinām varaḥ mahatā
rathavaṃśena saṃvṛtaḥ rathānīkam niryayau

5. Your father, Devavrata (Bhishma), the foremost of charioteers, advanced towards the chariot division, surrounded by a large contingent of chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (Bhishma) (he)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he issued forth, came out, advanced

• रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - array of chariots, chariot division

• पिता (pitā) - father

• देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Devavrata (Bhishma's original name)

• तव (tava) - your

• महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a large

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a line of chariots, by a chariot force

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, excellent, foremost

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (Bhishma) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he issued forth, came out, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of niryā

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - array of chariots, chariot division

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - multitude of chariots, chariot force, chariot division

tatpurusha compound: ratha (chariot) + anīka (array, army)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, array, front, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Here likely used adverbially, indicating direction ('towards the chariot division').

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Devavrata (Bhishma's original name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - one whose vow is divine; original name of Bhishma

bahuvrihi compound: deva (divine) + vrata (vow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine, celestial
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Agrees with 'rathavaṃśena'.

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a line of chariots, by a chariot force

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - line of chariots, chariot division, chariot multitude

tatpurusha compound: ratha (chariot) + vaṃśa (line, race)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – race, lineage, line, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaṃś (class 1)

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - surrounded, covered, accompanied, concealed

Past Passive Participle

from sam + vṛ (root vṛ to cover, choose) + ta

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, owner of a chariot, warrior in a chariot

from ratha (chariot) + in (possessive suffix)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, excellent, foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)