महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-65, verse-17

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा भारद्वाजमभाषत ।
पूर्वं दृष्ट्वा वधं घोरं बलस्य बलिनां वरः ।
भ्रातॄणां च वधं युद्धे स्मरमाणो महारथः ॥१७॥

17. tato duryodhano rājā bhāradvājamabhāṣata ,
pūrvaṁ dṛṣṭvā vadhaṁ ghoraṁ balasya balināṁ varaḥ ,
bhrātṝṇāṁ ca vadhaṁ yuddhe smaramāṇo mahārathaḥ.

17. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā bhāradvājam
abhāṣata pūrvaṃ dṛṣṭvā vadhaṃ ghoraṃ
balasya balināṃ varaḥ bhrātṝṇāṃ ca
vadhaṃ yuddhe smaramāṇaḥ mahārathaḥ

17. tataḥ rājā,
balināṃ varaḥ,
mahārathaḥ duryodhanaḥ,
pūrvaṃ ghoraṃ balasya vadhaṃ dṛṣṭvā ca yuddhe bhrātṝṇāṃ vadhaṃ smaramāṇaḥ,
bhāradvājam abhāṣata

17. Then King Duryodhana, the best among the strong and a great warrior (mahāratha), spoke to Bharadvaja (Drona), having previously witnessed the terrible destruction of his forces and remembering the slaying of his brothers in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, afterwards)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name))

• राजा (rājā) - king

• भारद्वाजम् (bhāradvājam) - to Bharadvaja (Drona) (to Bharadvaja, to Drona)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, addressed)

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having witnessed (having seen)

• वधं (vadhaṁ) - destruction (slaying, destruction, murder)

• घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• बलस्य (balasya) - of his forces (of the army, of strength, of force)

• बलिनां (balināṁ) - among the strong (warriors) (of the strong, of the powerful)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, foremost (best, excellent, choicest; boon)

• भ्रातॄणां (bhrātṝṇāṁ) - of his brothers (of brothers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• वधं (vadhaṁ) - slaying (slaying, destruction, murder)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• स्मरमाणः (smaramāṇaḥ) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad- used as an adverb.

Note: Connects to the previous verse.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - hard to conquer, a name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + yodhana (fighter, fighting).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhāṣata.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Note: Appositive to duryodhanaḥ.

भारद्वाजम् (bhāradvājam) - to Bharadvaja (Drona) (to Bharadvaja, to Drona)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvaja, Drona

Patronymic.

Note: Object of abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of ā-√bhāṣ

Imperfect active indicative (laṅ)

From root √bhāṣ (to speak) with prefix ā-. Ātmanepada.

Prefix: ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of pūrva, used adverbially.

Note: Modifies dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having witnessed (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see) + -tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects a prior action to the main verb.

वधं (vadhaṁ) - destruction (slaying, destruction, murder)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, destruction, blow

From root √vadh (to strike, slay).

Root: vadh (class 1)

घोरं (ghoraṁ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fierce

Note: Modifies vadhaṃ.

बलस्य (balasya) - of his forces (of the army, of strength, of force)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the army'.

बलिनां (balināṁ) - among the strong (warriors) (of the strong, of the powerful)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

From bala (strength) + -in suffix.

Note: 'of the mighty ones' (used for comparison with varaḥ).

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, foremost (best, excellent, choicest; boon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; boon, choice

From root √vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

भ्रातॄणां (bhrātṝṇāṁ) - of his brothers (of brothers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

R-stem noun.

Note: Possessive, 'of brothers'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses or items in a list.

वधं (vadhaṁ) - slaying (slaying, destruction, murder)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, destruction, blow

From root √vadh (to strike, slay).

Root: vadh (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root √yudh (to fight) + -kta suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Location of the slaying.

स्मरमाणः (smaramāṇaḥ) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √smṛ

√smṛ - to remember, to recollect

Present active participle (ātmanepada)

From root √smṛ (to remember) + śānac suffix.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies duryodhanaḥ.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot, warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)