महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-162, verse-33

स एष रथशार्दूलस्तद्वैरं संस्मरन्रणे ।
योत्स्यते पाण्डवांस्तात प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा सुदुस्त्यजान् ॥३३॥

33. sa eṣa rathaśārdūlastadvairaṁ saṁsmaranraṇe ,
yotsyate pāṇḍavāṁstāta prāṇāṁstyaktvā sudustyajān.

33. saḥ eṣaḥ rathaśārdūlaḥ tat vairam saṃsmaran raṇe
yotsyate pāṇḍavān tāta prāṇān tyaktvā sudustyajān

33. tāta saḥ eṣaḥ rathaśārdūlaḥ raṇe tat vairam saṃsmaran
sudustyajān prāṇān tyaktvā pāṇḍavān yotsyate

33. O dear one, this tiger among charioteers, remembering that enmity in battle, will fight the Pāṇḍavas, even giving up his own life, which is very difficult to abandon.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this, he)

• रथशार्दूलः (rathaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among charioteers (an idiom for the best of X, here: best of warriors/charioteers) (tiger among charioteers, best of charioteers)

• तत् (tat) - that (specific) (that)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (referring to the ongoing conflict) (enmity, hostility, revenge)

• संस्मरन् (saṁsmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• योत्स्यते (yotsyate) - will fight

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear one, father)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his very life (lives, breaths, vital airs)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having given up (having abandoned, having given up)

• सुदुस्त्यजान् (sudustyajān) - very difficult to abandon (very difficult to abandon, relinquish)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject of the previous verses.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Used with 'saḥ' for emphasis, meaning 'this very one'.

रथशार्दूलः (rathaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among charioteers (an idiom for the best of X, here: best of warriors/charioteers) (tiger among charioteers, best of charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaśārdūla

rathaśārdūla - tiger among chariots, best charioteer

Compound formed from 'ratha' and 'śārdūla'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+śārdūla)

• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of its kind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ eṣaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (specific) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'vairam'.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (referring to the ongoing conflict) (enmity, hostility, revenge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge, a feud

From 'vīra' (hero) meaning 'enmity between heroes' or 'an action of a hero against a hero'.

Note: Object of 'saṃsmaran'.

संस्मरन् (saṁsmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsmṛ

saṁsmṛ - to remember, recollect, recall

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'smṛ' with upasarga 'sam'. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally, describing the subject ('saḥ eṣaḥ').

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, delight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

योत्स्यते (yotsyate) - will fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

Future tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix

Note: Object of 'yotsyate'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear one, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son (affectionate address)

Note: Affectionate address, likely Saṃjaya speaking to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his very life (lives, breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

Derived from 'pra' + root 'an' (to breathe)

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'. Refers to life itself, often plural in this context.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having given up (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'tyaj' with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form, indicates an action completed before the main verb 'yotsyate'.

सुदुस्त्यजान् (sudustyajān) - very difficult to abandon (very difficult to abandon, relinquish)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sudustyaja

sudustyaja - very difficult to abandon/relinquish

Compound of 'su' (very) + 'dustyaja' (difficult to abandon)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dustyaja)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• dustyaja – difficult to abandon/relinquish
  adjective (masculine)
  gerundive (kṛtya)
  Derived from 'dur' (difficult) + root 'tyaj' (to abandon) + suffix 'ṇa'
  Prefix: dur
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prāṇān'.