महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-162, verse-32

एतेन हि तदा राजंस्तप आस्थाय दारुणम् ।
सुदुर्लभो वरो लब्धः पाण्डवान्योद्धुमाहवे ॥३२॥

32. etena hi tadā rājaṁstapa āsthāya dāruṇam ,
sudurlabho varo labdhaḥ pāṇḍavānyoddhumāhave.

32. etena hi tadā rājan tapaḥ āsthāya dāruṇam
sudurlabhaḥ varaḥ labdhaḥ pāṇḍavān yoddhum āhave

32. rājan hi etena tadā dāruṇam tapaḥ āsthāya āhave
pāṇḍavān yoddhum sudurlabhaḥ varaḥ labdhaḥ

32. Indeed, O King, by undertaking severe austerity (tapas) at that time, he obtained a very rare boon: to fight the Pāṇḍavas in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• एतेन (etena) - by this warrior (referring to the subject previously mentioned) (by this, by him)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied speaker is Saṃjaya) (O king)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken (having undertaken, having performed, having resorted to)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - severe (terrible, severe, harsh)

• सुदुर्लभः (sudurlabhaḥ) - very rare (very difficult to obtain, very rare)

• वरः (varaḥ) - boon (boon, blessing, best)

• लब्धः (labdhaḥ) - was obtained (obtained, gained, received)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, to wage war)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in war)

Words meanings and morphology

एतेन (etena) - by this warrior (referring to the subject previously mentioned) (by this, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject of the previous verse, likely Karṇa or another warrior mentioned.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base 'tad' with suffix 'dā'

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied speaker is Saṃjaya) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor

Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, suffer)

Root: tap (class 1)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken (having undertaken, having performed, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'sthā' with upasarga 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form, indicates an action completed before the main verb.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - severe (terrible, severe, harsh)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, severe, harsh, cruel

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ' (neuter, singular, accusative).

सुदुर्लभः (sudurlabhaḥ) - very rare (very difficult to obtain, very rare)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudurlabha

sudurlabha - very difficult to obtain, very rare

Compound of 'su' (good, very) + 'durlabha' (difficult to obtain)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+durlabha)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'labh' (to obtain)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - boon (boon, blessing, best)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, best, husband

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of the verb 'labdhaḥ'.

लब्धः (labdhaḥ) - was obtained (obtained, gained, received)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of labdha

labdha - obtained, gained, received

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'labh' (to obtain) + suffix 'kta'

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Acts as a finite verb in passive construction, agreeing with 'varaḥ'.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix

Note: Object of the infinitive 'yoddhum'.

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, to wage war)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Formed from root 'yudh' with suffix 'tumun'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose ('to fight').

आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, fight

Root: hu (class 3)