महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-162, verse-26

मद्रराजो महेष्वासः शल्यो मेऽतिरथो मतः ।
स्पर्धते वासुदेवेन यो वै नित्यं रणे रणे ॥२६॥

26. madrarājo maheṣvāsaḥ śalyo me'tiratho mataḥ ,
spardhate vāsudevena yo vai nityaṁ raṇe raṇe.

26. madrarājaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ śalyaḥ me atirathaḥ mataḥ
spardhate vāsudevena yaḥ vai nityam raṇe raṇe

26. madrarājaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ śalyaḥ me atirathaḥ mataḥ
yaḥ vai nityam raṇe raṇe vāsudevena spardhate

26. Śalya, the king of Madras and a great archer, is considered by me to be a great chariot warrior (atiratha). He is indeed one who constantly vies with Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) in battle after battle.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, who is the ruler of the Madra kingdom. (king of the Madras.)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - possessing a mighty bow and skill in archery. (great archer, great bowman.)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, but fighting for the Kauravas. (Śalya.)

• मे (me) - by me (Duryodhana, who is speaking). (by me, to me; my.)

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a supreme chariot warrior. (a great chariot warrior.)

• मतः (mataḥ) - Duryodhana's assessment of Śalya. (considered, thought, esteemed.)

• स्पर्धते (spardhate) - engages in rivalry or competition. (competes, vies, challenges.)

• वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - with Kṛṣṇa, as in rivalry. (by Vāsudeva; with Vāsudeva.)

• यः (yaḥ) - referring back to Śalya. (who, which.)

• वै (vai) - emphasizing the certainty of Śalya's rivalry. (indeed, verily, surely.)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - habitually, without fail. (constantly, always, perpetually.)

• रणे (raṇe) - in combat. (in battle, in war.)

• रणे (raṇe) - in combat. (in battle, in war.)

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, who is the ruler of the Madra kingdom. (king of the Madras.)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a people/country)

Compound: Madra (proper noun) + rāja (king).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root `rāj` (to shine, rule)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - possessing a mighty bow and skill in archery. (great archer, great bowman.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, having a great bow

Compound: mahat (great) + iṣvāsa (bow, archer).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahat+iṣvāsa)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – a bow; an archer
  noun (masculine)
  From `iṣu` (arrow) and `as` (to throw/shoot) or `āsa` (seat/thrower).
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, but fighting for the Kauravas. (Śalya.)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Śalya

Śalya - Name of the king of the Madras.

Note: Subject of the first clause.

मे (me) - by me (Duryodhana, who is speaking). (by me, to me; my.)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Often used as an agent with passive constructions (e.g., `mataḥ me` = 'considered by me').

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a supreme chariot warrior. (a great chariot warrior.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a mighty chariot warrior; one who has conquered many chariots; one who fights from a chariot

Compound (ati + ratha).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ati+ratha)

• ati – beyond, exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

मतः (mataḥ) - Duryodhana's assessment of Śalya. (considered, thought, esteemed.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, esteemed, intended, approved

Past Passive Participle

From root `man` (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)

स्पर्धते (spardhate) - engages in rivalry or competition. (competes, vies, challenges.)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of spardh

Present Tense

Root `spardh` (1st class) + `a` + `te` (3rd person singular middle ending).

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Subject is Śalya (via `yaḥ`).

वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - with Kṛṣṇa, as in rivalry. (by Vāsudeva; with Vāsudeva.)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva; Kṛṣṇa

Pāṇini 4.1.99: `vāsudeva` means 'son of Vasudeva'.

Note: Denotes the person with whom Śalya competes.

यः (yaḥ) - referring back to Śalya. (who, which.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

वै (vai) - emphasizing the certainty of Śalya's rivalry. (indeed, verily, surely.)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

नित्यम् (nityam) - habitually, without fail. (constantly, always, perpetually.)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in combat. (in battle, in war.)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat; sound, clang

From root `raṇ` (to rejoice, to clang, to go)

Root: raṇ (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in combat. (in battle, in war.)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat; sound, clang

From root `raṇ` (to rejoice, to clang, to go)

Root: raṇ (class 1)