महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-129, verse-30

प्रत्यक्षमेतद्भवतां यद्वृत्तं कुरुसंसदि ।
यथा चाशिष्टवन्मन्दो रोषादसकृदुत्थितः ॥३०॥

30. pratyakṣametadbhavatāṁ yadvṛttaṁ kurusaṁsadi ,
yathā cāśiṣṭavanmando roṣādasakṛdutthitaḥ.

30. pratyakṣam etat bhavatām yat vṛttam kuru-saṃsadi
yathā ca aśiṣṭavat mandaḥ roṣāt asakṛt utthitaḥ

30. etat bhavatām pratyakṣam,
yat kuru-saṃsadi vṛttam,
ca yathā mandaḥ roṣāt aśiṣṭavat asakṛt utthitaḥ.

30. This is evident to all of you: what transpired in the Kuru assembly, and how that foolish one (Duryodhana), acting impolitely, repeatedly rose up in anger.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - visible, evident, directly perceived

• एतत् (etat) - this

• भवताम् (bhavatām) - of you (honorific plural)

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - what occurred, the event (occurred, happened, event, conduct)

• कुरु-संसदि (kuru-saṁsadi) - in the Kuru assembly

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

• च (ca) - and

• अशिष्टवत् (aśiṣṭavat) - like an ill-mannered person, impolitely

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish one (referring to Duryodhana) (foolish, slow, dull, sluggish)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - from anger, out of rage

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, not once

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - risen, stood up, arisen

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - visible, evident, directly perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - visible, evident, directly perceived

`prati` (before, in front of) + `akṣa` (eye).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣi)

• prati – towards, against, before
  indeclinable
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the events described.

भवताम् (bhavatām) - of you (honorific plural)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific)

Present Active Participle

From root `bhū` (to be), used as a respectful pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates to whom something is evident.

यत् (yat) - what, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects the clause 'what occurred...' to 'this is evident'.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - what occurred, the event (occurred, happened, event, conduct)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred; conduct, behavior

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛt` (to turn, to be, to happen), suffix `-ta`.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरु-संसदि (kuru-saṁsadi) - in the Kuru assembly

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kuru-saṃsad

kuru-saṁsad - Kuru assembly, assembly of the Kurus

Genitive Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+saṃsad)

• kuru – Kuru (descendant of Kuru)
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, council, meeting
  noun (feminine)
  From root sad (to sit) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अशिष्टवत् (aśiṣṭavat) - like an ill-mannered person, impolitely

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix `vat` added to `aśiṣṭa`.

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish one (referring to Duryodhana) (foolish, slow, dull, sluggish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - dull, foolish, slow, sluggish

From root `mand` (to be joyful, to be sluggish).

Root: mand (class 1)

Note: Subject of `utthitaḥ`.

रोषात् (roṣāt) - from anger, out of rage

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, rage, wrath

From root `ruṣ` (to be angry).

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause or origin.

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, not once

(indeclinable)

`a` (not) + `sakṛt` (once).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakṛt)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sakṛt – once, at one time
  indeclinable

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - risen, stood up, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, stood up, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ud`, suffix `-ta`. `ud-sthā` becomes `ut-sthā`.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `mandaḥ`.