महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-129, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
विदुरेणैवमुक्ते तु केशवः शत्रुपूगहा ।
दुर्योधनं धार्तराष्ट्रमभ्यभाषत वीर्यवान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vidureṇaivamukte tu keśavaḥ śatrupūgahā ,
duryodhanaṁ dhārtarāṣṭramabhyabhāṣata vīryavān.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca vidureṇa evam ukte tu keśavaḥ
śatrupūgahā duryodhanam dhārtarāṣṭram abhyabhāṣata vīryavān

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca vidureṇa evam ukte tu śatrupūgahā
vīryavān keśavaḥ dhārtarāṣṭram duryodhanam abhyabhāṣata

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: When Vidura had thus spoken (evam ukte), then the valiant (vīryavān) Keśava, the destroyer of enemy hosts (śatrupūgahā), addressed Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭram).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विदुरेण (vidureṇa) - by Vidura

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्ते (ukte) - having been said, spoken

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, then, on the other hand

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keshava (an epithet of Krishna)

• शत्रुपूगहा (śatrupūgahā) - destroyer of hosts of enemies

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a Kaurava prince)

• धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - son of Dhritarashtra

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valiant, strong

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampaayana, a sage, pupil of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata

Note: The narrator speaking.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect indicative

From root 'vac' (2nd class Parasmaipada), perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

विदुरेण (vidureṇa) - by Vidura

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Agent of the action 'ukte'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'ukte'.

उक्ते (ukte) - having been said, spoken

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

past passive participle

From root 'vac' (to speak). Locative absolute construction.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, then, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a shift or continuation in narrative.

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keshava (an epithet of Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keshava, an epithet of Krishna (long-haired, or slayer of the demon Keśī)

Note: Subject of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

शत्रुपूगहा (śatrupūgahā) - destroyer of hosts of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrupūgahā

śatrupūgahā - destroyer of hosts of enemies

From 'śatrupūga' (host of enemies) + 'hā' (destroyer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatrupūga+hā)

• śatrupūga – host of enemies, multitude of foes
  noun (masculine)
• hā – destroyer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Keshava.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (difficult to fight, name of the eldest Kaurava)

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - son of Dhritarashtra

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (plural: the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, i.e., the Kauravas)

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

imperfect indicative

From root 'bhāṣ' (1st class Atmanepada) with 'abhi' (towards, to). Imperfect active.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valiant, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - heroic, powerful, valiant, possessing virility/energy

From 'vīrya' (valor, energy) + '-vat' suffix.

Note: Qualifies Keshava.