महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-20, verse-5

इमं च समुपालम्भं त्वत्तो राजा युधिष्ठिरः ।
शृणुयाद्यदि कल्याणि कृत्स्नं जह्यात्स जीवितम् ॥५॥

5. imaṁ ca samupālambhaṁ tvatto rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
śṛṇuyādyadi kalyāṇi kṛtsnaṁ jahyātsa jīvitam.

5. imam ca samupālambham tvattaḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
śṛṇuyāt yadi kalyāṇi kṛtsnam jahyāt saḥ jīvitam

5. O auspicious one, if King Yudhishthira were to hear this reproach from you, he would abandon his entire life.

Words meanings summery:

• इमम् (imam) - this

• च (ca) - and, also

• समुपालम्भम् (samupālambham) - reproach, blame, criticism

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

• राजा (rājā) - king

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - would hear, should hear

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - A vocative address, likely to Draupadi. (O auspicious one, O beautiful one)

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - would abandon, would give up

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Yudhishthira. (he)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Accusative singular masculine of 'idam', modifying 'samupālambham'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समुपालम्भम् (samupālambham) - reproach, blame, criticism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samupālambha

samupālambha - reproach, blame, rebuke, accusation

Derived from the root 'labh' with prefixes 'sam', 'upa', and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'śṛṇuyāt' (would hear).

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (singular)

Note: Ablative case, indicating origin or source.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of the verb 'śṛṇuyāt'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle; a name of the eldest Pandava brother

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (standing firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle), used as the first member of an aluk-tatpurusha compound.
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.

शृणुयात् (śṛṇuyāt) - would hear, should hear

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of śru

Optative mood, active voice

From root 'śru' (class 5).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Verb in the conditional 'if' clause.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - A vocative address, likely to Draupadi. (O auspicious one, O beautiful one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, fortunate, excellent, beautiful woman

Feminine form of 'kalyāṇa'.

Note: Term of address.

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete, all

Root: kṛt

Note: Adjective modifying 'jīvitam'.

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - would abandon, would give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hā

Optative mood, active voice

From root 'hā' (class 3, reduplicated root 'jahā').

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Main verb in the conditional consequence.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Yudhishthira. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to Yudhishthira as the subject of 'jahyāt'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jīv' (to live), used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jahyāt'.