महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-20, verse-24

एवमुक्तः स दुष्टात्मा प्रहस्य स्वनवत्तदा ।
न तिष्ठति स्म सन्मार्गे न च धर्मं बुभूषति ॥२४॥

24. evamuktaḥ sa duṣṭātmā prahasya svanavattadā ,
na tiṣṭhati sma sanmārge na ca dharmaṁ bubhūṣati.

24. evam uktaḥ saḥ duṣṭātmā prahasya svanavat tadā
na tiṣṭhati sma sanmārge na ca dharmam bubhūṣati

24. Thus addressed, that evil-minded one laughed loudly then. He did not remain on the right path, nor did he wish to uphold his natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - refers to the words spoken by Draupadi (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Kīcaka, having been addressed by Draupadi (having been spoken to, addressed)

• सः (saḥ) - Kīcaka (he, that)

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Kīcaka, characterized by his wicked nature (evil-minded, wicked soul)

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - Kīcaka's scornful laughter (having laughed, after laughing)

• स्वनवत् (svanavat) - his laughter was loud (loudly, with sound)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, abides

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past action

• सन्मार्गे (sanmārge) - on the path of righteousness or proper conduct (on the good path, on the right path)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - proper conduct or moral principles (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• बुभूषति (bubhūṣati) - wishes to uphold natural law (dharma) (desires to be, wishes to become, wishes to uphold)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - refers to the words spoken by Draupadi (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Kīcaka, having been addressed by Draupadi (having been spoken to, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (he).

सः (saḥ) - Kīcaka (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Kīcaka, characterized by his wicked nature (evil-minded, wicked soul)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-minded, wicked-souled, perverse

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, spoiled, wicked, bad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duṣ (to be corrupted).
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Kīcaka).

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - Kīcaka's scornful laughter (having laughed, after laughing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root has (to laugh) with upasarga pra. Ends in -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, describing the action of the subject.

स्वनवत् (svanavat) - his laughter was loud (loudly, with sound)

(indeclinable)

Formed with the possessive suffix -vat, meaning 'possessing sound'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, abides

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Tense

Present tense, third person singular, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to denote past action.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past action

(indeclinable)

सन्मार्गे (sanmārge) - on the path of righteousness or proper conduct (on the good path, on the right path)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sanmārga

sanmārga - good path, right path, virtuous conduct

Compound type : tatpurusha (sat+mārga)

• sat – good, virtuous, true, existent
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• mārga – path, way, road
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in 'na... ca' (neither... nor).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - proper conduct or moral principles (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Note: Object of 'bubhūṣati'.

बुभूषति (bubhūṣati) - wishes to uphold natural law (dharma) (desires to be, wishes to become, wishes to uphold)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Desiderative Verb

Desiderative form of root bhū (to be), meaning 'desires to be/become'. Third person singular, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)