महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-71, verse-7

ते श्रुत्वा रथनिर्घोषं वारणाः शिखिनस्तथा ।
प्रणेदुरुन्मुखा राजन्मेघोदयमिवेक्ष्य ह ॥७॥

7. te śrutvā rathanirghoṣaṁ vāraṇāḥ śikhinastathā ,
praṇedurunmukhā rājanmeghodayamivekṣya ha.

7. te śrutvā rathanirghoṣam vāraṇāḥ śikhinaḥ tathā
praṇeduḥ unmukhāḥ rājan meghodayam iva īkṣya ha

7. O King, having heard the chariot's sound, those elephants and peacocks, with uplifted faces, roared out as if they had seen the rising of rain clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (elephants and peacocks) (those)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - sound of a chariot

• वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

• शिखिनः (śikhinaḥ) - peacocks

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, likewise, so)

• प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - roared, trumpeted, cried out

• उन्मुखाः (unmukhāḥ) - with uplifted faces, facing upwards

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• मेघोदयम् (meghodayam) - rising of clouds, cloud-rise

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (elephants and peacocks) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the elephants and peacocks mentioned in the previous verse.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

absolutive (ktvā) of the root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - sound of a chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathanirghoṣa

rathanirghoṣa - sound of a chariot, chariot's roar

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+nirghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• nirghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'praṇeduḥ' along with 'śikhinaḥ'.

शिखिनः (śikhinaḥ) - peacocks

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śikhin

śikhin - peacock (lit. crested)

Note: Subject of 'praṇeduḥ' along with 'vāraṇāḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - and (and, likewise, so)

(indeclinable)

प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - roared, trumpeted, cried out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of praṇad

perfect active

3rd person plural perfect active of pra + nad

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'vāraṇāḥ' and 'śikhinaḥ'.

उन्मुखाः (unmukhāḥ) - with uplifted faces, facing upwards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of unmukha

unmukha - having the face uplifted, facing upwards

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ud+mukha)

• ud – up, upwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'vāraṇāḥ' and 'śikhinaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the listener/reader.

मेघोदयम् (meghodayam) - rising of clouds, cloud-rise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meghodaya

meghodaya - rising of clouds, appearance of clouds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (megha+udaya)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mih (class 1)
• udaya – rise, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  derived from ud + i
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'īkṣya'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

absolutive (lyap) of the root īkṣ

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'iva' to form a simile.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.