महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-58, verse-8

पुष्करस्तु महाराज घोषयामास वै पुरे ।
नले यः सम्यगातिष्ठेत्स गच्छेद्वध्यतां मम ॥८॥

8. puṣkarastu mahārāja ghoṣayāmāsa vai pure ,
nale yaḥ samyagātiṣṭhetsa gacchedvadhyatāṁ mama.

8. puṣkaraḥ tu mahārāja ghoṣayām āsa vai pure nale
yaḥ samyak ātiṣṭheta saḥ gacchet vadhyatām mama

8. But Puṣkara, O great king, proclaimed in the city: 'Whoever stands by Nala shall face death by my hand.'

Words meanings summery:

• पुष्करः (puṣkaraḥ) - Puṣkara (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira by the narrator. (O great king)

• घोषयाम् (ghoṣayām) - proclaiming (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - he was, he became (auxiliary verb)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• पुरे (pure) - in the city, town

• नले (nale) - to Nala, for Nala, in Nala's matter

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• सम्यक् (samyak) - stands by (Nala) properly/faithfully (properly, rightly, completely, well)

• आतिष्ठेत (ātiṣṭheta) - he might stand by, he should support, he might abide

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he would incur (death) (he might go, he should go, he would incur)

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - to the state of being killed, death penalty, execution

• मम (mama) - by my hand/order (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

पुष्करः (puṣkaraḥ) - Puṣkara (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṣkara

puṣkara - Puṣkara (a proper name, particularly Nala's cousin/brother)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira by the narrator. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

घोषयाम् (ghoṣayām) - proclaiming (part of periphrastic perfect)

(indeclinable)

Causative stem + ām affix

This is the causative stem of root 'ghuṣ' (to sound, proclaim) with the 'ām' affix, which forms the first part of a periphrastic perfect.

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a verbal noun in a fixed periphrastic perfect construction.

आस (āsa) - he was, he became (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of ās

Perfect

3rd person singular, Perfect (Lit) of the root 'ās'. Used here as an auxiliary verb to form the periphrastic perfect with 'ghoṣayām'.

Root: ās (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

पुरे (pure) - in the city, town

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pur

pur - city, town, stronghold

नले (nale) - to Nala, for Nala, in Nala's matter

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (proper name of the king of Niṣadha)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

सम्यक् (samyak) - stands by (Nala) properly/faithfully (properly, rightly, completely, well)

(indeclinable)

From 'sam' (together, completely) and 'añc' (to bend, to go straight).

Root: añc (class 1)

आतिष्ठेत (ātiṣṭheta) - he might stand by, he should support, he might abide

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of sthā

Optative

3rd person singular Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of the root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he would incur (death) (he might go, he should go, he would incur)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of gam

Optative

3rd person singular Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of the root 'gam', Class 1.

Root: gam (class 1)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - to the state of being killed, death penalty, execution

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vadhyatā

vadhyatā - state of being killed, deserving death, execution

Formed from 'vadhya' (fit to be killed, punishable by death) with the abstract suffix '-tā'. 'Vadhya' is a gerundive from 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

मम (mama) - by my hand/order (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me