महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-58, verse-14

उत्पतन्तः खगास्ते तु वाक्यमाहुस्तदा नलम् ।
दृष्ट्वा दिग्वाससं भूमौ स्थितं दीनमधोमुखम् ॥१४॥

14. utpatantaḥ khagāste tu vākyamāhustadā nalam ,
dṛṣṭvā digvāsasaṁ bhūmau sthitaṁ dīnamadhomukham.

14. utpatantaḥ khagāḥ te tu vākyam āhuḥ tadā nalam
dṛṣṭvā digvāsasam bhūmau sthitam dīnam adhomukham

14. Those birds, as they flew up, then spoke to Nala. They had seen him lying naked on the ground, miserable and with his face cast downwards.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्पतन्तः (utpatantaḥ) - flying up, rising

• खगाः (khagāḥ) - birds

• ते (te) - those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said, they speak

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• नलम् (nalam) - Nala

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• दिग्वाससम् (digvāsasam) - naked, unclothed, clad in directions

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, standing, lying

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, distressed

• अधोमुखम् (adhomukham) - downcast, with face downwards

Words meanings and morphology

उत्पतन्तः (utpatantaḥ) - flying up, rising

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utpatat

utpatat - flying up, rising, soaring

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga ut- (up, out). Present active participle in masculine nominative plural.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

खगाः (khagāḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khaga

khaga - bird (literally 'moving in the sky'), aerial being

Compound type : tatpurusha (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, ether, space
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, word, sentence

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of brū

Perfect 3rd plural of the root brū (or ah).

Root: brū (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal stem tad.

नलम् (nalam) - Nala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a legendary king)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दिग्वाससम् (digvāsasam) - naked, unclothed, clad in directions

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of digvāsas

digvāsas - naked, unclothed, clad in the quarters of the sky

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (diś+vāsas)

• diś – direction, quarter of the sky
  noun (feminine)
• vāsas – garment, clothes, covering
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Nalam.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, standing, lying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - situated, standing, remaining, existing, lying

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand). Masculine accusative singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Nalam.

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

From root dī (to decay, perish).

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Nalam.

अधोमुखम् (adhomukham) - downcast, with face downwards

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhomukha

adhomukha - downcast, with face downwards, facing downwards

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, downwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Nalam.