महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-58, verse-30

दमयन्त्युवाच ।
यदि मां त्वं महाराज न विहातुमिहेच्छसि ।
तत्किमर्थं विदर्भाणां पन्थाः समुपदिश्यते ॥३०॥

30. damayantyuvāca ,
yadi māṁ tvaṁ mahārāja na vihātumihecchasi ,
tatkimarthaṁ vidarbhāṇāṁ panthāḥ samupadiśyate.

30. damayantī uvāca yadi mām tvam mahārāja na vihātum iha
icchasi tat kimartham vidarbhāṇām panthāḥ samupadiśyate

30. Damayantī said, "O great king, if you do not wish to abandon me here, then why are you showing me the path to Vidarbha?"

Words meanings summery:

• दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if

• माम् (mām) - me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• न (na) - not, no

• विहातुम् (vihātum) - to abandon, to give up, to leave

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

• तत् (tat) - then, therefore, that

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• विदर्भाणाम् (vidarbhāṇām) - of the Vidarbhas (people or country)

• पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path, the road

• समुपदिश्यते (samupadiśyate) - is being shown, is being pointed out

Words meanings and morphology

दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (proper name of a princess, wife of Nala)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form.

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विहातुम् (vihātum) - to abandon, to give up, to leave

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'hā' (3rd class) with upasarga 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present Active

Root 'iṣ' (4th class) in present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

तत् (tat) - then, therefore, that

(indeclinable)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artham)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

विदर्भाणाम् (vidarbhāṇām) - of the Vidarbhas (people or country)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vidarbha

vidarbha - Vidarbha (an ancient kingdom and its people in India)

पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path, the road

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

समुपदिश्यते (samupadiśyate) - is being shown, is being pointed out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of samupadiś

Present Passive

Root 'diś' (6th class) in present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice, with upasargas 'sam' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: diś (class 6)