महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-58, verse-19

वैषम्यं परमं प्राप्तो दुःखितो गतचेतनः ।
भर्ता तेऽहं निबोधेदं वचनं हितमात्मनः ॥१९॥

19. vaiṣamyaṁ paramaṁ prāpto duḥkhito gatacetanaḥ ,
bhartā te'haṁ nibodhedaṁ vacanaṁ hitamātmanaḥ.

19. vaiṣamyam paramam prāptaḥ duḥkhitaḥ gatacetanaḥ |
bhartā te aham nibodha idam vacanam hitam ātmanaḥ

19. I am your husband, who has fallen into extreme misfortune, is distressed, and has lost consciousness. Understand this word, which is beneficial for your soul (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• वैषम्यम् (vaiṣamyam) - misfortune (adversity, difficulty, inequality)

• परमम् (paramam) - extreme (supreme, utmost, highest, extreme)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into (obtained, reached, attained)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, sorrowful)

• गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - having lost my senses/consciousness (one whose consciousness is gone, unconscious)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, lord)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• इदम् (idam) - this (word) (this, this here)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word (word, speech, advice)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for your soul (ātman) (of the self, of the soul)

Words meanings and morphology

वैषम्यम् (vaiṣamyam) - misfortune (adversity, difficulty, inequality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaiṣamya

vaiṣamya - difficulty, trouble, unevenness, inequality

Derived from 'viṣama' (uneven, difficult).

परमम् (paramam) - extreme (supreme, utmost, highest, extreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into (obtained, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the subject.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'duḥkh' (to suffer).

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the subject.

गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - having lost my senses/consciousness (one whose consciousness is gone, unconscious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatacetana

gatacetana - unconscious, senseless, one whose mind has departed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetana)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetana – consciousness, intelligence, sentient being
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'cit' (to perceive, to understand).
  Root: cit (class 1)

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - maintainer, supporter, husband, lord, master

Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, nourish).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

ते (te) - your (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternatively dative singular.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (word) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

वचनम् (vacanam) - word (word, speech, advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, expression

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - placed, good, beneficial, salutary

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) or 'hi' (to send). Here, implies 'well-placed' or 'advantageous'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for your soul (ātman) (of the self, of the soul)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

Note: Alternatively ablative singular.