महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-45, verse-12

तस्य दृष्ट्वाभवद्बुद्धिः पार्थमिन्द्रासने स्थितम् ।
कथं नु क्षत्रियः पार्थः शक्रासनमवाप्तवान् ॥१२॥

12. tasya dṛṣṭvābhavadbuddhiḥ pārthamindrāsane sthitam ,
kathaṁ nu kṣatriyaḥ pārthaḥ śakrāsanamavāptavān.

12. tasya dṛṣṭvā abhavat buddhiḥ pārtham indrāsane sthitam
katham nu kṣatriyaḥ pārthaḥ śakrāsanam avāptavān

12. Upon seeing Pārtha (Arjuna) seated on Indra's throne, the sage's thought arose: "How could Pārtha, a warrior (kṣatriya), have obtained Indra's seat?"

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of the great sage (his, of him)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, arose, happened

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - a thought/question arose (intellect, understanding, thought, idea)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• इन्द्रासने (indrāsane) - on Indra's seat, on the throne of Indra

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - seated (situated, standing, seated, present)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle for emphasis/interrogation)

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the Kṣatriya class

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• शक्रासनम् (śakrāsanam) - Indra's seat, the throne of Indra

• अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - obtained, gained, acquired

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of the great sage (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form of root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, arose, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - a thought/question arose (intellect, understanding, thought, idea)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, thought

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name of Arjuna

इन्द्रासने (indrāsane) - on Indra's seat, on the throne of Indra

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of indrāsana

indrāsana - Indra's seat, throne of Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+āsana)

• indra – Indra (name of the god)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āsana – seat, sitting, posture
  noun (neuter)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - seated (situated, standing, seated, present)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing, seated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle for emphasis/interrogation)

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the Kṣatriya class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior or ruling class, warrior

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name of Arjuna

शक्रासनम् (śakrāsanam) - Indra's seat, the throne of Indra

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śakrāsana

śakrāsana - Indra's seat, throne of Śakra (Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+āsana)

• śakra – Indra (name of the god)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āsana – seat, sitting, posture
  noun (neuter)

अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - obtained, gained, acquired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ava-āp

ava-āp - to obtain, to reach, to acquire

Past Active Participle

Past Active Participle (kṛt affix -kavat/-vat) of root āp with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)