महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-43, verse-21

ततः पितॄन्यथान्यायं तर्पयित्वा यथाविधि ।
मन्दरं शैलराजं तमाप्रष्टुमुपचक्रमे ॥२१॥

21. tataḥ pitṝnyathānyāyaṁ tarpayitvā yathāvidhi ,
mandaraṁ śailarājaṁ tamāpraṣṭumupacakrame.

21. tataḥ pitṝn yathānyāyam tarpayitvā yathāvidhi
| mandaram śailarājam tam āpraṣṭum upacakrame

21. Then, after properly propitiating his ancestors and performing the rites according to tradition, he began to ask permission from that king of mountains, Mandara.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - deceased ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, duly

• तर्पयित्वा (tarpayitvā) - having offered oblations to ancestors (having gratified, having satisfied, having offered oblations)

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, according to rite

• मन्दरम् (mandaram) - Mount Mandara, king of mountains (Mandara (name of a mountain))

• शैलराजम् (śailarājam) - an epithet for Mount Mandara (king of mountains)

• तम् (tam) - that (Mandara mountain) (that, him)

• आप्रष्टुम् (āpraṣṭum) - to ask permission from (the mountain) (to ask, to inquire, to seek permission)

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - he began, he commenced

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - deceased ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, patriarch

Note: Object of 'tarpayitvā'

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, properly, duly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• nyāya – rule, justice, method
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage

तर्पयित्वा (tarpayitvā) - having offered oblations to ancestors (having gratified, having satisfied, having offered oblations)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Causative stem of root tṛp (to be satisfied) + ktvā suffix

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Expresses action completed before the main verb

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, according to rite

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, rite, ordinance, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage

मन्दरम् (mandaram) - Mount Mandara, king of mountains (Mandara (name of a mountain))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mandara

mandara - Mandara (name of a mythical mountain), sluggish, slow

Note: Object of 'āpraṣṭum'

शैलराजम् (śailarājam) - an epithet for Mount Mandara (king of mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śailarāja

śailarāja - king of mountains

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaila+rāja)

• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to 'mandaram'

तम् (tam) - that (Mandara mountain) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'mandaram'

आप्रष्टुम् (āpraṣṭum) - to ask permission from (the mountain) (to ask, to inquire, to seek permission)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive from root praś (to ask, inquire) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: praś (class 6)

Note: Infinitive of purpose

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - he began, he commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of upakram

Perfect Middle

Reduplicated Perfect form of root kram (to step, go) with upasarga upa. Middle voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)