महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-31, verse-40

आर्यशास्त्रातिगे क्रूरे लुब्धे धर्मापचायिनि ।
धार्तराष्ट्रे श्रियं दत्त्वा धाता किं फलमश्नुते ॥४०॥

40. āryaśāstrātige krūre lubdhe dharmāpacāyini ,
dhārtarāṣṭre śriyaṁ dattvā dhātā kiṁ phalamaśnute.

40. āryaśāstrātige krūre lubdhe dharmāpacāyini
dhārtarāṣṭre śriyam dattvā dhātā kim phalam aśnute

40. What benefit does the Creator (dhātā) obtain by granting prosperity to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭra) – who transgresses noble (ārya) laws, is cruel, greedy, and diminishes the natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• आर्यशास्त्रातिगे (āryaśāstrātige) - one who transgresses noble laws/scriptures

• क्रूरे (krūre) - cruel, fierce

• लुब्धे (lubdhe) - greedy, covetous, eager

• धर्मापचायिनि (dharmāpacāyini) - one who diminishes natural law (dharma)/righteousness, one who transgresses natural law (dharma)

• धार्तराष्ट्रे (dhārtarāṣṭre) - refers to Duryodhana (in the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, concerning Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, by giving

• धाता (dhātā) - the Creator, the Ordainer

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, how?

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, benefit

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains, reaches, experiences, enjoys

Words meanings and morphology

आर्यशास्त्रातिगे (āryaśāstrātige) - one who transgresses noble laws/scriptures

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āryaśāstrātiga

āryaśāstrātiga - one who goes beyond/transgresses noble laws/scriptures

compound of `āryaśāstra` and `atiga` (going beyond)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārya+śāstra+atiga)

• ārya – noble, respectable
  adjective (masculine)
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule, law
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• atiga – transgressing, passing over, excelling
  adjective (masculine)
  from root `gam` with prefix `ati`
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhārtarāṣṭra.

क्रूरे (krūre) - cruel, fierce

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, harsh

लुब्धे (lubdhe) - greedy, covetous, eager

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, eager, perplexed, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

from root `lubh` (to covet, desire)

Root: lubh (class 4)

धर्मापचायिनि (dharmāpacāyini) - one who diminishes natural law (dharma)/righteousness, one who transgresses natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmāpacāyin

dharmāpacāyin - one who diminishes or transgresses natural law (dharma), righteousness, or duty

Agent noun with `in` suffix

compound of `dharma` and `apacāyin` (diminishing, decaying, one who diminishes), from `apa` + root `ci` (to collect, decline)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+apacāyin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• apacāyin – diminishing, decaying, one who diminishes
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun with `in` suffix
  from `apa` + root `ci` (to collect, decline)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: ci (class 5)

धार्तराष्ट्रे (dhārtarāṣṭre) - refers to Duryodhana (in the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, concerning Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (e.g., Duryodhana, his brothers)

`aṇ` patronymic suffix

from `dhṛtarāṣṭra`

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī

Root: śrī (class 1)

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, by giving

(indeclinable participle)

धाता (dhātā) - the Creator, the Ordainer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, ordainer, sustainer, supporter

agent noun from root `dhā`

from root `dhā` (to place, create, sustain)

Root: dhā (class 3)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, how?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?

Note: Used here as an interrogative adjective modifying `phalam`.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, benefit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, benefit

अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains, reaches, experiences, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, ātmanepada, present indicative (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 5)