महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-31, verse-18

ऋजोर्मृदोर्वदान्यस्य ह्रीमतः सत्यवादिनः ।
कथमक्षव्यसनजा बुद्धिरापतिता तव ॥१८॥

18. ṛjormṛdorvadānyasya hrīmataḥ satyavādinaḥ ,
kathamakṣavyasanajā buddhirāpatitā tava.

18. ṛjoḥ mṛdoḥ vadānyasya hrīmataḥ satyavādinaḥ
katham akṣavyasanajā buddhiḥ āpatitā tava

18. How could this intellect (buddhi), born of the vice of gambling with dice, have come upon you, who are known to be upright, gentle, generous, modest, and truthful?

Words meanings summery:

• ऋजोः (ṛjoḥ) - of you, who are honest (of the honest, of the upright)

• मृदोः (mṛdoḥ) - of you, who are gentle (of the gentle, of the mild)

• वदान्यस्य (vadānyasya) - of you, who are generous (of the generous, of the munificent)

• ह्रीमतः (hrīmataḥ) - of you, who are modest (of the modest, of the conscientious)

• सत्यवादिनः (satyavādinaḥ) - of you, who are truthful (of the truthful, of the truth-speaking)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• अक्षव्यसनजा (akṣavyasanajā) - born of the vice of dice, caused by gambling addiction

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding

• आपतिता (āpatitā) - come upon you, befallen you (fallen upon, occurred, come upon)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

Words meanings and morphology

ऋजोः (ṛjoḥ) - of you, who are honest (of the honest, of the upright)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, upright, sincere

Note: Qualifies 'tava' (your/of you).

मृदोः (mṛdoḥ) - of you, who are gentle (of the gentle, of the mild)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

Note: Qualifies 'tava'.

वदान्यस्य (vadānyasya) - of you, who are generous (of the generous, of the munificent)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadānya

vadānya - liberal, generous, munificent, eloquent

Note: Qualifies 'tava'.

ह्रीमतः (hrīmataḥ) - of you, who are modest (of the modest, of the conscientious)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hrīmat

hrīmat - bashful, modest, ashamed, conscientious, having shame

Derived from hrī (modesty, shame) with the possessive suffix -mat.

Note: Qualifies 'tava'.

सत्यवादिनः (satyavādinaḥ) - of you, who are truthful (of the truthful, of the truth-speaking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - truth-speaking, truthful, veracious

Compound of satya (truth) and vādin (speaker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth, reality, true
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, proclaiming
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √vad (to speak) + -in suffix.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tava'.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

अक्षव्यसनजा (akṣavyasanajā) - born of the vice of dice, caused by gambling addiction

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of akṣavyasanaja

akṣavyasanaja - born of the vice of dice, caused by gambling addiction

Compound of akṣa (dice), vyasana (vice), and ja (born of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (akṣa+vyasana+ja)

• akṣa – dice, game of dice
  noun (masculine)
• vyasana – vice, misfortune, addiction, calamity
  noun (neuter)
  From vi- (apart) + √as (to throw).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  Krt suffix
  From √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with buddhiḥ.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment

From √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

आपतिता (āpatitā) - come upon you, befallen you (fallen upon, occurred, come upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpatita

āpatita - fallen upon, befallen, occurred, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From √pat (to fall) with prefix ā- (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with buddhiḥ.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)