महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-31, verse-20

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
ईश्वरस्य वशे लोकस्तिष्ठते नात्मनो यथा ॥२०॥

20. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
īśvarasya vaśe lokastiṣṭhate nātmano yathā.

20. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
īśvarasya vaśe lokaḥ tiṣṭhate na ātmanaḥ yathā

20. In this regard, they also narrate this ancient historical account (itihāsa): 'The world (or beings) remains under the control of the Lord (īśvara), not by its own will (ātman), just as it cannot act independently.'

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite

• इमम् (imam) - this (itihāsa) (this)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical account, narrative, legend

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• ईश्वरस्य (īśvarasya) - of the Lord, of God, of the Supreme Controller

• वशे (vaśe) - in the power, under the control

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, beings

• तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - stands, remains, exists

• न (na) - not, no

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, by one's own will

• यथा (yathā) - just as (it cannot act independently) (as, just as, in which manner)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of udāhṛ

From √hṛ (to carry, bring) with prefixes ud- (up) and ā- (to, towards). Present tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (itihāsa) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, agrees with itihāsam.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical account, narrative, legend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - historical account, tradition, legend, epic

Literally 'thus it was' (iti ha āsa).

Root: as (class 2)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, venerable

From purā (formerly, anciently) + -tana suffix.

Note: Agrees with itihāsam.

ईश्वरस्य (īśvarasya) - of the Lord, of God, of the Supreme Controller

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - Lord, master, ruler, controller, God

From √īś (to rule, own).

Root: īś (class 2)

वशे (vaśe) - in the power, under the control

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - power, control, will, command

Root: vaś (class 2)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, living beings

From √lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 10)

तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - stands, remains, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of sthā

Root verb 'sthā' (to stand) in present tense, 3rd person singular, Middle voice.

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, by one's own will

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego

यथा (yathā) - just as (it cannot act independently) (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)