महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-29

अजानता भवेत्कश्चिदपराधः कृतो यदि ।
क्षन्तव्यमेव तस्याहुः सुपरीक्ष्य परीक्षया ॥२९॥

29. ajānatā bhavetkaścidaparādhaḥ kṛto yadi ,
kṣantavyameva tasyāhuḥ suparīkṣya parīkṣayā.

29. ajānatā bhavet kaścit aparādhaḥ kṛtaḥ yadi
kṣantavyam eva tasya āhuḥ suparīkṣya parīkṣayā

29. If someone commits an offense unknowingly, then after thoroughly examining and investigating the matter, it is declared that such a person should indeed be forgiven.

Words meanings summery:

• अजानता (ajānatā) - by one not knowing, by an ignorant person, unknowingly

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, any, perhaps

• अपराधः (aparādhaḥ) - an offense, a transgression

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, committed

• यदि (yadi) - if

• क्षन्तव्यम् (kṣantavyam) - should be forgiven, pardonable

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• सुपरीक्ष्य (suparīkṣya) - having carefully examined, after thoroughly investigating

• परीक्षया (parīkṣayā) - by examination, through investigation

Words meanings and morphology

अजानता (ajānatā) - by one not knowing, by an ignorant person, unknowingly

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant, unaware

Present Active Participle

From a + √jñā + śatṛ

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jānat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Prefix for nañ-tatpuruṣa compound
• jānat – knowing, understanding, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agent of 'kṛtaḥ'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, any, perhaps

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, any, some person, perhaps

From kim + cit (indefinite pronoun)

Note: Refers to the implied agent of the offense.

अपराधः (aparādhaḥ) - an offense, a transgression

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, transgression, fault, crime

From apa + √rādh

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, committed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From √kṛ + ta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

क्षन्तव्यम् (kṣantavyam) - should be forgiven, pardonable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣantavya

kṣantavya - to be forgiven, pardonable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From √kṣam + tavya

Root: kṣam (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'ajānatā' (unknowing person).

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of āha

Perfect tense, 3rd plural. Often used as a present in texts. From √ah.

Root: ah (class 2)

सुपरीक्ष्य (suparīkṣya) - having carefully examined, after thoroughly investigating

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From su + pari + √īkṣ + ya

Prefixes: su+pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

परीक्षया (parīkṣayā) - by examination, through investigation

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of parīkṣā

parīkṣā - examination, investigation, testing, trial

From pari + √īkṣ + a

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of examination.