महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-28

सर्वस्यैकोऽपराधस्ते क्षन्तव्यः प्राणिनो भवेत् ।
द्वितीये सति वध्यस्तु स्वल्पेऽप्यपकृते भवेत् ॥२८॥

28. sarvasyaiko'parādhaste kṣantavyaḥ prāṇino bhavet ,
dvitīye sati vadhyastu svalpe'pyapakṛte bhavet.

28. sarvasya ekaḥ aparādhaḥ te kṣantavyaḥ prāṇinaḥ bhavet
dvitīye sati vadhyaḥ tu svalpe api apakṛte bhavet

28. The first offense of any being should be forgiven. However, if a second offense occurs, even a small wrong, that person should be subject to punishment.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of everyone, for all

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• अपराधः (aparādhaḥ) - an offense, a transgression

• ते (te) - by you, for you

• क्षन्तव्यः (kṣantavyaḥ) - should be forgiven, pardonable

• प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - of a living being, of a creature

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

• द्वितीये (dvitīye) - in the second

• सति (sati) - being, existing

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, to be punished, punishable

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• स्वल्पे (svalpe) - in a small, in a minor

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अपकृते (apakṛte) - in an offense, in a wrong done

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of everyone, for all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'prāṇinaḥ'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'aparādhaḥ'.

अपराधः (aparādhaḥ) - an offense, a transgression

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, transgression, fault, crime

From apa + √rādh

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

ते (te) - by you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Implicit agent for 'kṣantavyaḥ'.

क्षन्तव्यः (kṣantavyaḥ) - should be forgiven, pardonable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣantavya

kṣantavya - to be forgiven, pardonable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From √kṣam + tavya

Root: kṣam (class 1)

प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - of a living being, of a creature

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, creature, animate being

From prāṇa + -in

Note: Possessive, 'whose offense'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्वितीये (dvitīye) - in the second

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

From dvi + īya

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

सति (sati) - being, existing

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

From √as

Root: as (class 2)

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, to be punished, punishable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, to be punished, deserving death, punishable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From √han (or √vadh) + ya

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly for 'saḥ' (that person).

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

स्वल्पे (svalpe) - in a small, in a minor

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of svalpa

svalpa - very little, small, insignificant, trifling

From su + alpa

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, easy, excellent, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix, intensifying
• alpa – small, little, few, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'apakṛte'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

अपकृते (apakṛte) - in an offense, in a wrong done

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apakṛta

apakṛta - wrong done, injury, offense, fault

Past Passive Participle (used substantively)

From apa + √kṛ + ta

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)